Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician accompanied by her husband after he started noticing strange behavior. He first noticed her talking to herself 8 months ago. For the past 6 months, she has refused to eat any packaged foods out of fear that the government is trying to poison her. She has no significant past medical history. She smoked marijuana in college but has not smoked any since. She appears restless. Mental status examination shows a flat affect. Her speech is clear, but her thought process is disorganized with many loose associations. The patient is diagnosed with schizophrenia and started on olanzapine. This patient is most likely to experience which of the following adverse effects?

A 58-year-old African-American man with a history of congestive heart failure presents to the emergency room with headache, frequent vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and heart palpitations. He is taking a drug that binds the sodium-potassium pump in myocytes. EKG reveals ventricular dysrhythmia. Which of the following is likely also present in the patient?

A 38-year-old woman applies a PABA sunscreen to her skin before going to the beach. Which type(s) of ultraviolet light will it protect her against?

A 59-year-old male with history of hypertension presents to your clinic for achy, stiff joints for the last several months. He states that he feels stiff in the morning, particularly in his shoulders, neck, and hips. Occasionally, the aches travel to his elbows and knees. His review of systems is positive for low-grade fever, tiredness and decreased appetite. On physical exam, there is decreased active and passive movements of his shoulders and hips secondary to pain without any obvious deformities or joint swelling. His laboratory tests are notable for an ESR of 52 mm/hr (normal for males: 0-22 mm/hr). What is the best treatment in management?

A 63-year-old man with a history of stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) has started to develop refractory anemia. He denies any personal history of blood clots in his past, but he says that his mother has also had to be treated for deep venous thromboembolism in the past. His past medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, non-seminomatous testicular cancer, and hypercholesterolemia. He currently smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day, drinks a glass of wine per day, and he currently denies any illicit drug use. The vital signs include: temperature 36.7°C (98.0°F), blood pressure 126/74 mm Hg, heart rate 87/min, and respiratory rate 17/min. On physical examination, the pulses are bounding, the complexion is pale, but breath sounds remain clear. Oxygen saturation was initially 91% on room air, with a new oxygen requirement of 2 L by nasal cannula. His primary care physician refers him to a hematologist, who is considering initiating the erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA), darbepoetin. Which of the following is true regarding the use of ESA?

A 19-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by the police. The officers indicate that he was acting violently and talking strangely. In the ED, he becomes increasingly more violent. On exam his vitals are: Temp 101.1 F, HR 119/min, BP 132/85 mmHg, and RR 18/min. Of note, he has vertical nystagmus on exam. What did this patient most likely ingest prior to presentation?

A researcher is investigating the behavior of two novel chemotherapeutic drugs that he believes will be effective against certain forms of lymphoma. In order to evaluate the safety of these drugs, this researcher measures the concentration and rate of elimination of each drug over time. A partial set of the results is provided below. Time 1: Concentration of Drug A: 4 mg/dl Concentration of Drug B: 3 mg/dl Elimination of Drug A: 1 mg/minute Elimination of Drug B: 4 mg/minute Time 2: Concentration of Drug A: 2 mg/dl Concentration of Drug B: 15 mg/dl Elimination of Drug A: 0.5 mg/minute Elimination of Drug B: 4 mg/minute Which of the following statements correctly identifies the most likely relationship between the half-life of these two drugs?

An 8-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of vomiting, abdominal pain, and blurry vision for the past hour. The parents report that the boy developed these symptoms after he accidentally ingested 2 tablets of his grandfather’s heart failure medication. On physical examination, the child is drowsy, and his pulse is 120/min and irregular. Digoxin toxicity is suspected. A blood sample is immediately sent for analysis and shows a serum digoxin level of 4 ng/mL (therapeutic range: 0.8–2 ng/mL). Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities is most likely to be present in the boy?

A 31-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a 2-week history of diarrhea. She says that she has also noticed that she is losing weight, which makes her feel anxious since she has relatives who have suffered from anorexia. Finally, she says that she is worried she has a fever because she feels warm and has been sweating profusely. On physical examination she is found to have proptosis, fine tremor of her hands, and symmetrical, non-tender thyroid enlargement. Which of the following types of enzymes is targeted by a treatment for this disease?

A 36-year-old man comes to the clinic for follow-up of his general anxiety disorder. He was diagnosed a year ago for excessive worry and irritability and was subsequently started on paroxetine. He demonstrated great response to therapy but is now complaining of decreased libido, which is affecting his marriage and quality of life. He wishes to switch to a different medication at this time. Following a scheduled tapering of paroxetine, the patient is started on a different medication that is a partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor. Which of the following is the most likely drug that was prescribed?