Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 65-year-old woman arrives for her annual physical. She has no specific complaints. She has seasonal allergies and takes loratadine. She had a cholecystectomy 15 years ago. Her last menstrual period was 9 years ago. Both her mother and her maternal aunt had breast cancer. A physical examination is unremarkable. The patient is given the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the shingles vaccine. A dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is obtained. Her T-score is -2.6. She is prescribed a new medication. The next month the patient returns to her primary care physician complaining of hot flashes. Which of the following is the most likely medication the patient was prescribed?

A 25-year-old man is scheduled for an orthopedic surgery. His routine preoperative laboratory tests are within normal limits. An urticarial reaction occurs when a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent is injected for muscle relaxation and mechanical ventilation. The patient’s lungs are manually ventilated with 100% O2 by bag and mask and then through an endotracheal tube. After a few minutes, edema of the face and neck rapidly ensues and giant hives appear over most of his body. Which of the following neuromuscular blocking agents was most likely used in this operation?

A 6-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department 12 hours after ingesting multiple pills. The patient complains of noise in both his ears for the past 10 hours. The patient’s vital signs are as follows: pulse rate, 136/min; respirations, 39/min; and blood pressure, 108/72 mm Hg. The physical examination reveals diaphoresis. The serum laboratory parameters are as follows: Na+ 136 mEq/L Cl- 99 mEq/L Arterial blood gas analysis under room air indicates the following results: pH 7.39 PaCO2 25 mm HG HCO3- 15 mEq/L Which of the following is the most appropriate first step in the management of this patient?

An investigator is studying a drug that acts on a G protein-coupled receptor in the pituitary gland. Binding of the drug to this receptor leads to increased production of inositol triphosphate (IP3) in the basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary. Administration of this drug every 90 minutes is most likely to be beneficial in the treatment of which of the following conditions?

A 14-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 4-hour history of vomiting, lethargy, and confusion. Three days ago, he was treated with an over-the-counter medication for fever and runny nose. He is oriented only to person. His blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg. Examination shows bilateral optic disc swelling and hepatomegaly. His blood glucose concentration is 65 mg/dL. Toxicology screening for serum acetaminophen is negative. The over-the-counter medication that was most likely used by this patient has which of the following additional effects?

A 39-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after her husband found her unconscious on the living room floor. She does not report having experienced light-headedness, nausea, sweating, or visual disturbance before losing consciousness. Three weeks ago, she was diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma and began treatment with an antiglaucoma drug in the form of eye drops. She last used the eye drops 1 hour ago. Examination shows pupils of normal size that are reactive to light. An ECG shows sinus bradycardia. This patient is most likely undergoing treatment with which of the following drugs?

An 18-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because he suddenly collapsed while playing football. His parents mention that he had complained of dizziness while playing before, but never fainted in the middle of a game. On physical examination, the blood pressure is 130/90 mm Hg, the respirations are 15/min, and the pulse is 110/min. The chest is clear, but a systolic ejection murmur is present. The remainder of the examination revealed no significant findings. An electrocardiogram is ordered, along with an echocardiogram. He is diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the physician lists all the precautions he must follow. Which of the following drugs will be on the list of contraindicated substances?

A 58-year-old man presents to the physician due to difficulty initiating and sustaining erections for the past year. According to the patient, he has a loving wife and he is still attracted to her sexually. While he still gets an occasional erection, he has not been able to maintain an erection throughout intercourse. He no longer gets morning erections. He is happy at work and generally feels well. His past medical history is significant for angina and he takes isosorbide dinitrate as needed for exacerbations. His pulse is 80/min, respirations are 14/min, and blood pressure is 130/90 mm Hg. The physical examination is unremarkable. Nocturnal penile tumescence testing reveals the absence of erections during the night. The patient expresses a desire to resume sexual intimacy with his spouse. Which of the following is the best next step to treat this patient?

A 36-year-old man presents with increasing shortness of breath for a month, which is aggravated while walking and climbing up the stairs. He also complains of pain and stiffness in both wrists, and the distal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of both hands. He was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis 6 months ago and was started on methotrexate with some improvement. He is a lifetime non-smoker and has no history of drug abuse. The family history is insignificant for any chronic disease. The blood pressure is 135/85 mm Hg, pulse rate is 90/min, temperature is 36.9°C (98.5°F), and the respiratory rate is 22/min. Physical examination reveals short rapid breathing with fine end-inspiratory rales. An echocardiogram is normal with an ejection fraction of 55%. A chest X-ray shows diffuse bilateral reticular markings with multiple pulmonary nodules. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s lung condition?

A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his girlfriend for a nosebleed. Pinching the nose for the past hour has not stopped the bleeding. For the past several months, he has had recurring nosebleeds that resolved with pressure. He has no history of hypertension or trauma. He has asthma that is well controlled with an albuterol inhaler. He has intermittent tension headaches for which he takes aspirin. His temperature is 37.9°C (100.2°F), pulse is 114/min, and blood pressure is 160/102 mm Hg. Physical examination shows active bleeding from both nostrils. Pupil size is 6 mm bilaterally in bright light. The lungs are clear to auscultation. The hemoglobin concentration is 13.5 g/dL, prothrombin time is 12 seconds, partial thromboplastin time is 35 seconds, and platelet count is 345,000/mm3. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this patient's symptoms?