Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 36-year-old woman complains of recurrent headaches. The pain is located on the right side of the head, is accompanied by nausea, worsens when lifting heavy objects, and typically lasts 2 days. She describes the pain as pulsatile and says that they are usually triggered by eating chocolates. Her headache is not associated with an aura. She sits in a dark room due to her increased discomfort. The patient has tried multiple over-the-counter medications without relief. Which of the following will most likely be the next treatment of choice for acute episodes?

A 46-year-old woman presents with palpitations, tremors, and anxiety. She says these symptoms have been present ever since a recent change in her diabetic medication. The most recent time she felt these symptoms, her blood glucose level was 65 mg/dL, and she felt better after eating a cookie. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the drug most likely to have caused this patient's symptoms?

On the 3rd day post-anteroseptal myocardial infarction (MI), a 55-year-old man who was admitted to the intensive care unit is undergoing an examination by his physician. The patient complains of new-onset precordial pain which radiates to the trapezius ridge. The nurse informs the physician that his temperature was 37.7°C (99.9°F) 2 hours ago. On physical examination, the vital signs are stable, but the physician notes the presence of a triphasic pericardial friction rub on auscultation. A bedside electrocardiogram shows persistent positive T waves in leads V1–V3 and an ST segment: T wave ratio of 0.27 in lead V6. Which of the following is the drug of choice to treat the condition the patient has developed?

A 45-year-old woman with history of systemic sclerosis presents with new onset dyspnea, which is worsened with moderate exertion. She also complains of chest pain. An ECG was obtained, and showed right-axis deviation. Chest x-ray showed right ventricle hypertrophy. Given the patient's history and presentation, right heart catheterization was performed, which confirmed the suspected diagnosis of pulmonary artery hypertension. It is decided to start the patient on bosentan. Which of the following describes the method of action of bosentan?

A 47-year-old man with gastroesophageal reflux disease comes to the physician because of severe burning chest pain and belching after meals. He has limited his caffeine intake and has been avoiding food close to bedtime. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy shows erythema and erosions in the distal esophagus. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the most appropriate drug for this patient?

A 63-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He feels well. He has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, bipolar disorder, and osteoarthritis of the knees. Current medications include lisinopril, amiodarone, lamotrigine, and acetaminophen. He started amiodarone 6 months ago and switched from lithium to lamotrigine 4 months ago. The patient does not smoke. He drinks 1–4 beers per week. He does not use illicit drugs. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show: Serum Na+ 137 mEq/L K+ 4.2 mEq/L Cl- 105 mEq/L HCO3- 24 mEq/L Urea nitrogen 14 mg/dL Creatinine 0.9 mg/dL Alkaline phosphatase 82 U/L Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 110 U/L Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 115 U/L Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 45-year-old man has a history of smoking 1 pack per day and drinking a six-pack of beer daily over the last ten years. He is admitted to the medical floor after undergoing a cholecystectomy. One day after the surgery, the patient states that he feels anxious and that his hands are shaking. While being checked for a clean surgical site, the patient starts shaking vigorously and loses consciousness. The patient groans and falls to the floor. His arms and legs begin to jerk rapidly and rhythmically. This episode lasts for almost five minutes, and the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation are stabilized per seizure protocol. What is the best next step for this patient?

2 hours after being admitted to the hospital because of a fracture of the right ankle, a 75-year-old man continues to complain of pain despite treatment with acetaminophen and ibuprofen. He has a history of dementia and cannot recall his medical history. The presence of which of the following features would most likely be a reason to avoid treatment with morphine in this patient?

Four days after undergoing a total abdominal hysterectomy for atypical endometrial hyperplasia, a 59 year-old woman reports abdominal bloating and discomfort. She has also had nausea without vomiting. She has no appetite despite not having eaten since the surgery and drinking only sips of water. Her postoperative pain has been well controlled on a hydromorphone patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. Her foley was removed on the second postoperative day and she is now voiding freely. Although she lays supine in bed for most of the day, she is able to walk around the hospital room with a physical therapist. Her temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), pulse is 84/min, respirations are 10/min, and blood pressure is 132/92 mm Hg. She is 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) tall and weighs 115 kg (253 lb); BMI is 37.55 kg/m2. Examination shows a mildly distended, tympanic abdomen; bowel sounds are absent. Laboratory studies are within normal limits. An x-ray of the abdomen shows uniform distribution of gas in the small bowel, colon, and rectum without air-fluid levels. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

A 53-year-old man presents to the office for a routine examination. The medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus, for which he is taking metformin. The medical records show blood pressure readings from three separate visits to fall in the 130–160 mm Hg range for systolic and 90–100 mm Hg range for diastolic. Prazosin is prescribed. Which of the following are effects of this drug?