Antihypertensives — MCQs

A 65-year-old woman presents with a complaint of a chronic, dry cough of insidious onset since working with her new primary care physician. She has a longstanding history of diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. She has a 10 pack-year smoking history, but does not currently smoke. What is the best next step?

A 22-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She had a spontaneous abortion 3 months ago. Her last menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. She reports feeling sad occasionally but has continued working and attending social events. She does not have any suicidal ideation or tendencies. She does not smoke. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination including pelvic examination show no abnormalities. A urine pregnancy test is negative. She wants to avoid becoming pregnant for the foreseeable future and is started on combined oral contraceptive pills. Which of the following is the patient at risk of developing?

A 45-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of severe pain in both of her wrist joints and her fingers for the past 24 hours. She has a 6-month history of similar episodes, which are often associated with stiffness for about 90 minutes when she wakes up in the morning. She has hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Two years ago she was diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease, for which she underwent treatment. Current medications include fenofibrate and amlodipine. Vital signs are within normal limits. She is 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) tall and weighs 102 kg (225 lb); BMI is 33 kg/m2. Examination shows swelling and tenderness of the wrists and metacarpophalangeal joints bilaterally. Range of motion is decreased due to pain. There are subcutaneous, nontender, firm, mobile nodules on the extensor surface of the forearm, with the overlying skin appearing normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this patient's current symptoms?

A previously healthy 45-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He has been having recurrent headaches, especially early in the morning, and sometimes feels dizzy. There is no family history of serious illness. The patient runs 5 miles 3 days a week. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. He is 177 cm (5 ft 10 in) tall and weighs 72 kg (159 lb); BMI is 23 kg/m2. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 70/min, and blood pressure is 152/90 mm Hg. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies are within normal limits. Two weeks later, the patient's blood pressure is 150/90 mm Hg in both arms. He is started on an antihypertensive medication. One month later, physical examination shows 2+ pretibial edema bilaterally. This patient was most likely treated with which of the following medications?

A 54-year-old African American man presents to the clinic for his first annual well-check. He was unemployed for years but recently received health insurance from a new job. He reports feeling healthy and has no complaints. His blood pressure is 157/90 mmHg, pulse is 86/min, and respirations are 12/min. Routine urinalysis demonstrated a mild increase in albumin and creatinine. What medication is indicated at this time?

A 27-year-old woman with no past medical history presents to her primary care provider because she has begun to experience color changes in her fingers on both hands in cold temperatures. She reports having had this problem for a few years, but with the weather getting colder this winter she has grown more concerned. She says that when exposed to cold her fingers turn white, blue, and eventually red. When the problem subsides she experiences pain in the affected fingers. She says that wearing gloves helps somewhat, but she continues to experience the problem. Inspection of the digits is negative for ulcerations. Which of the following is the next best step in treatment?

A 25-year-old woman presents to the psychiatric emergency department in restraints. She was found trying to break into a deli at midnight. The patient claims that she has an idea that will revolutionize the shipping industry. The patient is not violent but seems highly agitated and is speaking very rapidly about her ideas. She is easily distractible and tells you about many of her other ideas. She has a past medical history of depression and hypertension refractory to treatment. Her current medications include captopril, ibuprofen, and melatonin. A neurological exam is deferred due to the patient's current status. Her pulmonary and cardiovascular exams are within normal limits and mild bilateral bruits are heard over her abdomen. The patient is given haloperidol and diphenhydramine and spends the night in the psychiatric inpatient unit. The patient is started on long-term therapy and is discharged 3 days later. At a follow up visit at her primary care physician, the patient is noted to have a blood pressure of 150/100 mmHg. She is started on chlorthalidone and instructed to return in 3 days. When the patient returns her blood pressure is 135/90 mmHg. She exhibits a fine tremor, and complains of increased urinary frequency. Her pulse is 47/minute, and she is afebrile. Which of the following is the best next step in management?

An 11-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of teacher complaints regarding his poor performance at school for the past 8 months. He has difficulty sustaining attention when assigned school-related tasks, does not follow the teachers' instructions, and makes careless mistakes in his homework. He often blurts out answers in class and has difficulty adhering to the rules during soccer practice. His mother reports that he is easily distracted when she speaks with him and that he often forgets his books at school. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. The patient is started on the appropriate first-line therapy. This boy is at increased risk for which of the following conditions?

A patient with a history of hypertension and bipolar disorder is seen in your clinic for new-onset tremor, increased urination, and mild dehydration symptoms. Her bipolar disorder has been well-controlled with her current medication regimen. She recently started a new medication for better management of her hypertension. Which of the following medications did she most likely start?

Three weeks after starting a new medication for hyperlipidemia, a 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of pain and swelling in his left great toe. Examination shows swelling and erythema over the metatarsophalangeal joint of the toe. Analysis of fluid from the affected joint shows needle-shaped, negatively-birefringent crystals. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of the drug he is taking?