Angiotensin II receptor blockers — MCQs

A 52-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He feels well. His blood pressure is 125/70 mm Hg. His glomerular filtration rate is calculated to be 105 mL/min/1.73 m2 and glucose clearance is calculated to be 103 mL/min. This patient is most likely being treated with which of the following agents?

A 75 year-old gentleman presents to his general practitioner. He is currently being treated for hypertension and is on a multi-drug regimen. His current blood pressure is 180/100. The physician would like to begin treatment with minoxidil or hydralazine. Which of the following side effects is associated with administration of these drugs?

An 81-year-old man is admitted to the hospital due to acute decompensated heart failure. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and congestive heart failure. Current medications include lisinopril, metformin, and low-dose aspirin. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 45 years. His temperature is 37.6°C (99.7°F), pulse is 105/min and regular, respirations are 21/min, and blood pressure is 103/64 mm Hg. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 13.7 g/dL Leukocyte count 8200/mm3 Serum Na+ 128 mEq/L Cl- 98 mEq/L K+ 4.9 mEq/L Urea nitrogen 58 mg/dL Glucose 200 mg/dL Creatinine 2.2 mg/dL Which of the following changes in the medication regimen is most appropriate in this patient at this time?

A 52-year-old man with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia comes to the physician because of a 10-month history of substernal chest pain on exertion that is relieved with rest. His pulse is 82/min and blood pressure is 145/82 mm Hg. He is prescribed a drug that acts by forming free radical nitric oxide. The patient is most likely to experience which of the following adverse effects as a result of this drug?

A 44-year-old man presents for a checkup. The patient says he has to urinate quite frequently but denies any dysuria or pain on urination. Past medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension, both managed medically, as well as a chronic mild cough for the past several years. Current medications are metformin, aspirin, rosuvastatin, captopril, and furosemide. His vital signs are an irregular pulse of 74/min, a respiratory rate of 14/min, a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, and a temperature of 36.7°C (98.0°F). His BMI is 32 kg/m2. On physical examination, there are visible jugular pulsations present in the neck bilaterally. Laboratory findings are significant for the following: Glycated Hemoglobin (Hb A1c) 7.5% Fasting Blood Glucose 120 mg/dL Serum Electrolytes Sodium 138 mEq/L Potassium 3.9 mEq/L Chloride 101 mEq/L Serum Creatinine 1.3 mg/dL Blood Urea Nitrogen 18 mg/dL Which of the following is the next best step in the management of this patient?

A 34-year-old man is being evaluated in an emergency clinic for dizziness and headache after a stressful event at work. He also reports that his face often becomes swollen and he occasionally has difficulty breathing during these spells. Family history is significant for his father who died of a stroke and his mother who often suffers from similar facial swelling. The patient’s blood pressure is 170/80 mm Hg. On physical examination, the patient appears well. Which of the following medications is most likely contraindicated in this patient?

A physician is choosing whether to prescribe losartan or lisinopril to treat hypertension in a 56-year-old male. Relative to losartan, one would expect treatment with lisinopril to produce which of the following changes in the circulating levels of these peptides?

A 71-year-old African American man diagnosed with high blood pressure presents to the outpatient clinic. In the clinic, his blood pressure is 161/88 mm Hg with a pulse of 88/min. He has had similar blood pressure measurements in the past, and you initiate captopril. He presents back shortly after initiation with extremely swollen lips, tongue, and face. After captopril is discontinued, what is the most appropriate step for the management of his high blood pressure?

A 28-year-old woman at 28 weeks gestation seeks evaluation at her obstetrician’s office with complaints of a severe headache, blurred vision, and vomiting for the past 2 days. Her pregnancy has been otherwise uneventful. The past medical history is unremarkable. The blood pressure is 195/150 mm Hg and the pulse is 88/min. On examination, moderate pitting edema is present in her ankles. The urinalysis is normal except for 3+ proteinuria. The obstetrician orders a complete blood count (CBC), liver function tests (LFTs), creatinine, and a coagulation profile. The obstetrician transfers her to the hospital by ambulance for expectant management. Which of the following medications would be most helpful for this patient?

A 27-year-old woman with no past medical history presents to her primary care provider because she has begun to experience color changes in her fingers on both hands in cold temperatures. She reports having had this problem for a few years, but with the weather getting colder this winter she has grown more concerned. She says that when exposed to cold her fingers turn white, blue, and eventually red. When the problem subsides she experiences pain in the affected fingers. She says that wearing gloves helps somewhat, but she continues to experience the problem. Inspection of the digits is negative for ulcerations. Which of the following is the next best step in treatment?