Antifungals — MCQs

A 73-year-old man presents to the office, complaining of “weird blisters” on his right hand, which appeared 2 weeks ago. The patient says that he initially had a rash, which progressed to blisters. He denies any trauma or known contact with sick people. He is worried because he hasn’t been able to garden since the rash appeared, and he was planning on entering his roses into an annual competition this month. His vital signs are stable. On physical exam, the patient has multiple bullae accompanied by red, papular lesions on his right hand, which progress to his forearm. The right axillary lymph nodes are swollen and tender. What is the treatment for the most likely diagnosis of this patient?

A potassium hydroxide preparation is conducted on a skin scraping of the hypopigmented area. Microscopy of the preparation shows long hyphae among clusters of yeast cells. Based on these findings, which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?

A 51-year-old man with a history of severe persistent asthma is seen today with the complaint of white patches on his tongue and inside his mouth. He says this all started a couple of weeks ago when he recently started a new medication for his asthma. The vital signs include: temperature 36.7°C (98.0°F), blood pressure 126/74 mm Hg, heart rate 74/min, and respiratory rate 14/min. His physical examination is significant for mild bilateral wheezes, and attempts at scraping off the lesions in the mouth are successful but leave erythema underlying where they were removed. Which of the following medications is responsible for his presentation?

A 24-year-old professional wrestler recently participated in a charitable tournament event in Bora Bora, a tropical island that is part of the French Polynesia Leeward Islands. During his stay, he wore tight-fitting clothes and tight bathing trunks for extended periods. After 6 days, he observed symmetric, erythematous itchy rash in his groin, with a significant amount of moisture and scales. Central areas of the rash were hyperpigmented, and the border was slightly elevated and sharply demarcated. His penis and scrotum were not affected. He immediately visited a local dermatology clinic where a specialist conducted a Wood lamp examination to exclude the presence of a bacterial infection (primary infection due to Corynebacterium minutissimum). The working diagnosis was a fungal infection. Which topical agent should be recommended to treat this patient?

A 23-year-old female presents to the emergency department complaining of a worsening headache. The patient reports that the headache started one month ago. It is constant and “all over” but gets worse when she is lying down or in the setting of bright lights. Review of systems is significant for low-grade fever, night sweats, cough, malaise, poor appetite, and unintentional weight loss of 12 pounds in the last two months. The patient is sexually active with multiple male partners and reports inconsistent condom use. She has a history of intravenous drug use, and has not been to a doctor in the last two years. The patient’s temperature is 100.4°F (38.0°C), blood pressure is 110/78 mmHg, pulse is 88/min, and respirations are 14/min with an oxygen saturation of 98% O2 on room air. On physical exam, pain is elicited upon passive flexion of the patient’s neck. A CT scan shows ventricular enlargement. A CD4+ count is 57 cells/µL blood. A lumbar puncture is performed with the following findings: Cerebrospinal fluid: Opening pressure: 210 mmH2O Glucose: 32 mg/dL Protein: 204 mg/dL India ink stain: Positive Leukocyte count and differential: Leukocyte count: 200/mm^3 Lymphocytes: 100% Red blood cell count: 2 What is the next best step in therapy?

A 43-year-old man is brought to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has a history of epilepsy that has been treated with a stable dose of phenytoin for 15 years. He was recently seen by another physician who added a drug to his medications, but he cannot recall the name. Shortly after, he started noticing occasional double vision. Physical examination shows slight vertical nystagmus and gait ataxia. Which of the following drugs was most likely added to this patient's medication regimen?

A 60-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of severe, retrosternal chest pain. She also has pain when swallowing solid food and medications. She has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, poorly-controlled asthma, and osteoporosis. She was recently admitted to the hospital for an acute asthma exacerbation that was treated with bronchodilators and a 7-day course of oral corticosteroids. Her current medications include aspirin, amlodipine, metformin, insulin, beclomethasone and albuterol inhalers, and alendronate. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination of the oral pharynx appears normal. The lungs are clear to auscultation. An upper endoscopy shows a single punched-out ulcer with normal surrounding mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction. Biopsies of the ulcer are taken. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 21-year-old African American female presents to her primary care physician reporting a history of excess hair growth. She has to shave her face and chest on a regular basis. She is sexually active and uses condoms for protection. Her last period was two months ago and she reports having 5-6 menstrual periods per year at irregular intervals. She has no past medical history and takes no medications. She drinks socially and does not smoke. Her family history is notable for heart disease in her father and endometrial cancer in her mother. Her temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 125/85 mmHg, pulse is 95/min, and respirations are 16/min. The physician considers starting the patient on a medication that is also indicated in the treatment of histoplasmosis. This medication primary acts by inhibiting which of the following proteins?

A 25-year-old man visits a local clinic while volunteering abroad to rebuild homes after a natural disaster. He reports that he has been experiencing an intermittent rash on his feet for several weeks that is associated with occasional itching and burning. He states that he has been working in wet conditions in work boots and often does not get a chance to remove them until just before going to bed. On physical exam, there is diffuse erythema and maceration of the webspaces between his toes. He starts taking a medication. Two days later, he experiences severe nausea and vomiting after drinking alcohol. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the drug most likely prescribed in this case?

A 64-year-old woman comes to the emergency room because of a sudden weakness in her right arm and leg. She has atrial fibrillation, tinea unguium, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Current medications include warfarin, enalapril, simvastatin, lansoprazole, hydrochlorothiazide, griseofulvin, and ginkgo biloba. Two weeks ago, she had an appointment with her podiatrist. Physical examination shows sagging of her right lower face and decreased muscle strength in her right upper and lower extremity. Babinski sign is positive on the right. Her prothrombin time is 14 seconds (INR = 1.5). Which of the following drugs is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's current condition?