Question 1

Question

A 5-year-old girl with Down syndrome presents with fatigue, pallor, and hepatosplenomegaly. Complete blood count shows WBC 45,000/μL with 80% blasts, hemoglobin 6.5 g/dL, and platelets 25,000/μL. Flow cytometry reveals blasts positive for CD19, CD10, and TdT. Cytogenetics show t(12;21) in addition to trisomy 21. Her parents ask about prognosis compared to children without Down syndrome. Synthesizing genetic and prognostic factors, what is the most accurate statement?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome children with ALL have better outcomes than non-Down syndrome children with comparable cytogenetics

Answer

Down syndrome is associated with worse prognosis in ALL due to increased treatment-related mortality

Answer

The t(12;21) translocation negates any effect of Down syndrome on prognosis

Answer

Prognosis is identical to non-Down syndrome children when stratified by cytogenetics

Answer

Down syndrome mandates reduced-intensity chemotherapy with consequently worse outcomes

Genetic disorders — MCQs

Genetic disorders — MCQs

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