Nephritic syndrome disorders — MCQs

A 12-year-old boy is found on a routine auditory screening to have mild high frequency hearing impairment. On exam, he has no ear pain, no focal neurological deficits, and no cardiac murmurs. He has not had any recent illness. Laboratory studies show: Serum: Creatinine: 0.7 mg/dl Protein: 3.8 g/dl Antistreptolysin O titer: 60 Todd units (12-166 normal range) Urinalysis: Microscopic heme Protein: 4+ RBCs: 6/hpf A kidney biopsy is taken. Which of the following findings is most characteristic of this patient’s disease?

A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of cough and decreased urination. The cough was initially nonproductive, but in the last few days he has coughed up small amounts of blood-tinged sputum with clots. He has not had any fevers, chills, or weight loss. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 5 years. Pulse is 115/min and blood pressure is 125/66 mm Hg. Physical examination shows dried blood around the lips. Serum studies show a creatinine of 2.9 mg/dL. Results of a serum antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody test are negative. A biopsy specimen of the kidney is most likely to show which of the following light microscopy findings?

A 21-year-old male presents to your office with hematuria 3 days after the onset of a productive cough and fever. Following renal biopsy, immunofluorescence shows granular IgA deposits in the glomerular mesangium. Which of the following do you suspect in this patient?

A 20-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of fever and a sore throat for 5 days. He receives oral penicillin from his primary doctor. After a day of antibiotic treatment, he developed gross hematuria. As a child, he recalls having multiple episodes of hematuria. The vital signs are within normal limits. On physical examination, pharyngeal edema and cervical lymphadenopathy are present. His laboratory examination reveals the following: WBC 11,000/mm3 Neutrophils 76% Lymphocytes 23% Eosinophils 1% Platelets 150,000/mm3 Hemoglobin 14 g/dL Hct 41.2% BUN 16 mg/dL Creatinine 0.9 mg/dL ASO titer 100 Urinalysis shows hematuria but no proteinuria. Immunofluorescence shows granular IgA immune complex deposits in the mesangium. Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV serology are negative. ASO titers and C3 levels are within normal limits. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 35-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents with hematuria and abdominal discomfort. Ultrasound and CT scan reveal large, bilateral cysts in all regions of the kidney. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 13-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of swelling around his eyes for the past 2 days. His mother also notes that his urine became gradually darker during this time. Three weeks ago, he was treated for bacterial tonsillitis. His temperature is 37.6°C (99.7°F), pulse is 79/min, and blood pressure is 158/87 mm Hg. Examination shows periorbital swelling. Laboratory studies show: Serum Urea nitrogen 9 mg/dL Creatinine 1.7 mg/dL Urine Protein 2+ RBC 12/hpf RBC casts numerous A renal biopsy would most likely show which of the following findings?

A 35-year-old woman who was recently ill with an upper respiratory infection presents to the emergency department with weakness in her lower limbs and difficulty breathing. Her symptoms began with a burning sensation in her toes along with numbness. She claims that the weakness has been getting worse over the last few days and now involving her arms and face. Currently, she is unable to get up from the chair without some assistance. Her temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), the blood pressure is 145/89 mm Hg, the heart rate is 99/min, the respiratory rate is 12/min, and the oxygen saturation is 95% on room air. On physical examination, she has diminished breath sounds on auscultation of bilateral lung fields with noticeably poor inspiratory effort. Palpation of the lower abdomen reveals a palpable bladder. Strength is 3 out of 5 symmetrically in the lower extremities bilaterally. The sensation is intact. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 19-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room by her mother. She found her daughter pale, cold to the touch, and collapsed next to her bed earlier this morning. The patient has no previous medical or psychiatric history, but the mother does report that her daughter has not had her periods for the last 3 months. In the emergency department, the patient is alert and oriented. Her vitals include: blood pressure 80/60 mm Hg supine, heart rate 55/min. On physical examination, the patient appears pale and emaciated. A urine pregnancy test is negative. She is suspected of having an eating disorder. Which of the following treatment options would be contraindicated in this patient?

A 32-year-old man visits his family physician for 10 months of persistent left flank pain, weight loss, and fatigue. Also, he has had hematuria a couple of times in the last month. His mother was diagnosed and treated for a pheochromocytoma when she was 36 years old, and his father died at 45 years due to myocardial infarction. His personal medical history is not relevant. He does not smoke and used to be a varsity athlete in high school and university. Physical examination shows temporal wasting, pale mucous membranes and palms, a palpable mass in the left flank, and a varicocele that does not reduce upon recumbency. His family physician sends the patient to the emergency department for an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan, which shows a complex left renal mass and a hemangioblastoma in T10. A biopsy of the renal mass is ordered by the oncology team, which demonstrates compact cells with prominent nucleoli, eosinophilic cytoplasm within a network of a small and thin-walled vasculature. What is the most likely type of tumor in this patient?

A 12-year-old boy comes to the physician for the evaluation of intermittent blood-tinged urine for several months. Four months ago, he had an episode of fever and sore throat that resolved without treatment after 5 days. During the past 2 years, he has also had recurrent episodes of swelling of his face and feet. 5 years ago, he was diagnosed with mild bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. His brother died of a progressive kidney disease at the age of 23. The patient appears pale. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 70/min, and blood pressure is 145/85 mm Hg. Slit lamp examination shows a conical protrusion of both lenses. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin concentration of 11 g/dL, urea nitrogen concentration of 40 mg/dL, and creatinine concentration of 2.4 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows: Blood 2+ Protein 1+ RBC 5–7/hpf RBC casts rare Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's symptoms?