Pulmonary — MCQs

A 31 year-old African-American female presents with painful shin nodules, uveitis, and calcified hilar lymph nodes. A transbronchial biopsy of the lung would most likely show which of the following histologies?

A 68-year-old male smoker dies suddenly in a car accident. He had smoked 2 packs per day for 40 years. His past medical history is notable for a frequent, very productive cough, recurrent respiratory infections and occasional wheezing. He had no other medical problems. At autopsy, which of the following is most likely to be found in this patient?

A 44-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 5-month history of persistent cough productive of thick, yellow sputum and worsening shortness of breath. One year ago, he had similar symptoms that lasted 4 months. He has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for the past 20 years. Physical examination shows scattered expiratory wheezing and rhonchi throughout both lung fields. Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy specimen is most likely to show which of the following findings?

A 63-year-old man with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after his daughter found him unresponsive. Despite appropriate care, the patient dies. At autopsy, examination of the lungs shows enlargement of the airspaces in the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. Enzymatic activity of which of the following cells is the most likely cause of these findings?

A 60-year-old man who is a chronic smoker comes to the hospital with the chief complaint of shortness of breath which has worsened over the past 2 days. He also has a productive cough with yellowish sputum. There is no history of hemoptysis, chest pain, fever, palpitations, or leg swelling. He had a viral illness one week ago. He has been using an inhaler for 10 years for his respiratory disease. He sleeps with 2 pillows every night. He received 100 mg of hydrocortisone and antibiotics in the emergency department, and his symptoms have subsided. His FEV1/FVC ratio is < 0.70, and FEV1 is 40% of predicted. What is the most likely finding that can be discovered from the histology of his bronchi?

A 59-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of progressive shortness of breath and nonproductive cough. Pulmonary examination shows bibasilar inspiratory crackles. An x-ray of the chest shows multiple nodular opacities in the upper lobes and calcified hilar nodules. Pulmonary functions tests show an FEV1:FVC ratio of 80% and a severely decreased diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. A biopsy specimen of a lung nodule shows weakly birefringent needles surrounded by concentric layers of hyalinized collagen. The patient has most likely been exposed to which of the following?

An investigator is studying early post-mortem changes in the lung. Autopsies are performed on patients who died following recent hospital admissions. Microscopic examination of the lungs at one of the autopsies shows numerous macrophages with brown intracytoplasmic inclusions. A Prussian blue stain causes these inclusions to turn blue. These findings are most consistent with a pathological process that would manifest with which of the following symptoms?

A 65-year-old male presented to his primary care physician with exertional dyspnea. The patient had a 30-year history of smoking one pack of cigarettes per day. Physical examination reveals a barrel-chested appearance, and it is noted that the patient breathes through pursed lips. Spirometry shows decreased FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. This patient’s upper lobes are most likely to demonstrate which of the following?

A 55-year-old woman comes to the physician with a 6-month history of cough and dyspnea. She has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years. Analysis of the sputum sample from bronchoalveolar lavage shows abnormal amounts of an isoform of elastase that is normally inhibited by alpha-1 antitrypsin. The cell responsible for secreting this elastase is most likely also responsible for which of the following functions?

A 13-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with respiratory distress, fever, and a productive cough. Past medical history is significant for a history of recurrent bronchopneumonia since the age of 5, managed conservatively with antibiotics and mucolytic therapy. The patient's weight was normal at birth, but he suffered from a failure to thrive, although there was no neonatal history of chronic diarrhea or jaundice. His current vitals are a respiratory rate of 26/min, a pulse of 96/min, a temperature of 38.8℃ (101.8°F), a blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation of 88% on room air. On physical examination, there is coarse crepitus bilaterally and both expiratory and inspiratory wheezing is present. The chest radiograph shows evidence of diffuse emphysema. A sweat chloride test and nitroblue tetrazolium test are both within normal limits. A complete blood count is significant for the following: WBC 26300/mm3 Neutrophils 62% Lymphocytes 36% Eosinophils 2% Total bilirubin 0.8 mg/dL Direct bilirubin 0.2 mg/dL SGOT 100 U/L SGPT 120 U/L ALP 200 U/L Results of serum protein electrophoresis are shown in the figure. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?