Neoplasia — MCQs

A 62-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider with anal bleeding. She reports a 4-month history of intermittent anal bleeding that was initially mild but has increased in severity over the past 2 weeks. She also reports having intermittent mucoid discharge from her anus. She denies any pain with defecation but does experience occasional constipation that has been increasing in frequency over the past month. Her past medical history is notable for hypertension and breast cancer status-post-mastectomy and radiation therapy. She takes enalapril. She has a 15-pack-year smoking history and drinks 3-4 glasses of wine per week. Her temperature is 98.4°F (36.9°C), blood pressure is 135/85 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 18/min. On exam, she appears pale but is pleasant and conversational. Digital rectal examination reveals a small mass within the anal canal. Anoscopy demonstrates an erythematous irregular mass arising from the mucosa proximal to the dentate line. Which of the following histologic findings is most likely to be seen in this patient’s lesion?

A 72-year-old man comes to the physician because of several episodes of dark urine over the past 2 months. He has had a 6 kg (13.2-lb) weight loss over the past 3 months despite no changes in appetite. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. A CT scan shows a heterogeneous enhancing mass arising from the left renal pelvis. Pathologic examination of the lesion is most likely to show which of the following findings?

A 45-year-old African American male presents to his primary care physician complaining of difficulty swallowing that was initially limited to solids but has now progressed to liquids. Biopsy of the esophagus reveals dysplastic cells, but does not show evidence of glands or increased mucin. Which of the following most contributed to his condition?

A 56-year-old woman presents to a physician for evaluation of a lump in her left breast. She noticed the lump last week while taking a shower. She says that the lump seemed to be getting larger, which worried her. The lump is not painful. The medical history is unremarkable. She has smoked cigarettes for the last 30 years. On examination, bilateral small nodules are present that are non-tender and immobile. A mammography confirms the masses and fine needle aspiration cytology of the lesions reveals malignant cells arranged in a row of cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 60-year-old man presents to his physician as part of his routine annual medical check-up. He has no specific complaints but mentions that he has often experienced fatigue over the past few months. His past medical history is noncontributory. On physical examination, his temperature is 37.2°C (98.8°F), pulse rate is 84/min, blood pressure is 130/86 mm Hg, and respiratory rate is 18/min. On general examination, mild pallor is present. Palpation of the abdomen reveals splenomegaly, which extends 6.35 cm (2.5 in) below the left costal margin. There is no hepatomegaly. Laboratory studies show the following values: Hemoglobin 9.7 g/dL Total leukocyte count 30,000/mm3 Granulocytes 83% Lymphocytes 10% Eosinophils 5% Basophils 1% Monocytes 1% Platelet count 700,000/mm3 The physician orders a bone marrow biopsy analysis of hematopoietic cells. The report shows the presence of a t(9;22)(q34; q11) translocation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 34-year-old woman visits an outpatient clinic with a complaint of pain in her left breast for the last few months. The pain worsens during her menstrual cycle and relieves once the cycle is over. She denies any nipple discharge, skins changes, warmth, erythema, or a palpable mass in the breast. Her family history is negative for breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. There is no palpable mass or any abnormality in the physical examination of her breast. A mammogram is ordered which shows a cluster of microcalcifications with a radiolucent center. A breast biopsy is also performed which reveals a lobulocentric proliferation of epithelium and myoepithelium. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because he is worried about a mole on his right forearm. He has had the mole for several years, but it has grown in size in the past 3 months. Physical examination shows a hyperpigmented plaque with irregular borders and small area of ulceration. Histopathologic analysis of a full-thickness excisional biopsy confirms the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Invasion of which of the following layers of skin carries the highest risk of mortality for this patient?

An 11-year-old boy who recently emigrated from Nigeria is brought to the physician for evaluation of jaw swelling. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. Examination shows a 5-cm solid mass located above the right mandible and significant cervical lymphadenopathy. A biopsy specimen of the mass shows sheets of lymphocytes with interspersed tingible body macrophages. Serology for Epstein-Barr virus is positive. Which of the following chromosomal translocations is most likely present in cells obtained from the tissue mass?

An 11-year-old boy presents to your clinic after 4 months of pain and swelling in his thigh. His mother states that at first she thought his condition was due to roughhousing, but it hasn’t gone away and now she’s concerned. You perform an X-ray that shows an ‘onion skin’ appearance on the diaphysis of the femur. You are concerned about a malignancy, so you perform a PET scan that reveals lung nodules. Which of the following is most associated with this disease?

A 40-year-old chronic smoker presents to the office complaining of a cough and pleuritic chest pain. He also has had pain in his right shoulder for the past 2 weeks. He denies fever, night sweats, but has noticed a 2.2 kg (5 lb) weight loss in the last month. He has no recent history of travel. Past medical history is unremarkable. On cardiopulmonary examination, bilateral velcro-like crackles are auscultated in the upper to middle lung fields, with normal heart sounds. There is a 3 x 3 cm swelling on the right shoulder with a normal range of motion and intact sensation. 5/5 muscular strength in all extremities is noted. Chest X-ray reveals bilateral nodular opacities in the upper lung lobes and a lytic lesion on the right humeral head. Electron microscopy of the lung biopsy shows the following. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?