Neoplasia — MCQs

A 60-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after suffering a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. The seizure lasted 2 minutes, followed by a short period of unresponsiveness and loud breathing. Her blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, the heart rate is 76/min, and the respiratory rate is 15/min and regular. On physical examination, the patient is confused but follows commands and cannot recall recent events. The patient does not present with any other neurological deficits. T1/T2 MRI of the brain demonstrates a hypointense, contrast-enhancing mass within the right frontal lobe, surrounded by significant cerebral edema. Which of the following would you expect in the tissue surrounding the described lesion?

A 61-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of a cough productive of clear mucoid sputum. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 33 years. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Chest x-ray shows a 2-cm solid nodule in the periphery of the lower left lobe. A bronchial biopsy of the mass shows numerous mucin-filled epithelial cells lining the alveolar basement membrane. The cells have prominent nucleoli, coarse chromatin, and some cells have multiple nuclei. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a growth on his penis that has been gradually increasing in size over the last year. He was diagnosed with HIV 10 years ago. He has been divorced for 25 years and has had “at least 30 sexual partners” since. Physical examination shows a nontender 2.5-cm ulcerated lesion with an erythematous base on the dorsum of the glans. There is firm left inguinal lymphadenopathy. A biopsy of the lesion shows small uniform basophilic cells with central necrosis that invade into the corpus cavernosum. This patient's condition is most likely associated with which of the following pathogens?

A 61-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of epigastric pain and a 9-kg (20-lb) weight loss. He feels full and bloated even after eating small portions of food. His hemoglobin concentration is 9.5 g/dL with a mean corpuscular volume of 78 μm3. Test of the stool for occult blood is positive. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy shows a 2-cm raised lesion with central ulceration on the lesser curvature of the stomach. Histologic examination of a gastric biopsy specimen from the lesion is most likely to show which of the following?

A 59-year-old Caucasian man presents with a one-month history of left flank fullness and pain. The patient has stable angina, which is controlled with medications including atorvastatin, metoprolol, and aspirin. His vital signs are within normal limits. BMI is 32 kg/m2. Clinical examination reveals a 10 x 10-cm palpable mass in the left flank. Testicular examination indicates left varicocele. Laboratory parameters are as follows: Urine Blood 3+ WBC none RBC 65/hpf without dysmorphic features Abdominal CT scan confirms the presence of a large solid mass originating in the left kidney with impingement on the left renal vein. Based on the most likely diagnosis, which of the following is considered a risk factor in this patient?

A 69-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of progressive fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, and a 6.6-kg (14.5-lb) weight loss. For the past week, he has had blood-tinged sputum. He is a retired demolition foreman. There is dullness to percussion and decreased breath sounds over the left lung base. A CT scan of the chest shows a left-sided pleural effusion and circumferential pleural thickening with calcifications on the left hemithorax. Pathologic examination of a biopsy specimen of the thickened tissue is most likely to show which of the following findings?

A 57-year-old woman with a long-standing history of liver cirrhosis presents to her primary care provider with a complaint of unintended weight loss of 8.2 kg (18.0 lb) within the last month. She has a history of intermittent right upper quadrant pain in her abdomen with decreased appetite for a few years and occasional shortness of breath. The past medical history is significant for hepatitis E infection during her first pregnancy when she was 28 years old, and a history of blood transfusion after an accident 25 years ago. She drinks about 2–3 pints of beer every week on average and does not use tobacco. The vital signs include: blood pressure 110/68 mm Hg, pulse rate 82/min, respiratory rate 11/min, and temperature 37.7 °C (99.9°F). The physical exam is normal except for moderate icterus and tender hepatomegaly. The blood tests show mild anemia with decreased iron stores. Serum electrolytes, blood sugar, and renal function are normal. The chest X-ray is normal. An ultrasound of the abdomen revealed a mass in the liver, which was confirmed with a biopsy to be hepatocellular carcinoma. Which of the following is the strongest causative factor that can be linked to her diagnosis?

A 75-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of epigastric pain. He has developed progressively worsening epigastric pain, heartburn, and nausea over the past five months. The pain does not change with meals and is not positional. He also reports that he is rarely hungry and has lost ten pounds. The patient immigrated from Japan two years ago to live with his son in the United States. He worked as a fisherman and dock worker for most of his life. His past medical history is notable for gout and gastroesophageal reflux disease. He takes allopurinol and cimetidine. He has a 30 pack-year smoking history and drinks 1-2 alcoholic beverages per day. Physical examination reveals mild epigastric tenderness to palpation and a hard lymph node near his left shoulder. Which of the following substances is most strongly associated with this patient’s condition?

A 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of mild fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath. She has no history of serious medical illness and takes no medications. Cardiopulmonary examination shows a mid-diastolic plopping sound heard best at the apex and bilateral rales at the base of the lungs. Echocardiography shows a pedunculated, heterogeneous mass in the left atrium. A biopsy of the mass shows clusters of mesenchymal cells surrounded by gelatinous material. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the following?

A 3-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents due to observations of rapid, random, horizontal and vertical eye movements along with occasional jerking movements of her limbs and head. CT scan reveals an abdominal mass that crosses the midline. Further work-up reveals elevated 24-hour urinary homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid. Neuroblastoma is suspected. Which of the following diseases pathologically originates from the same type of cells as Neuroblastoma?