Neoplasia — MCQs

A 15-year-old male presents to the emergency department with fever, malaise, and shortness of breath for 1 week. Further history reveals that the patient experiences swelling in his face in the morning that disappears as the day progresses. Physical exam reveals hepatosplenomegaly. A complete blood count shows WBC 84,000 cells/mL. Most of this patient's leukocytes are likely to express which of the following cell surface markers?

A 58-year-old woman presents with a 2-week history of fever, fatigue, generalized weakness, and bleeding gums. Past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus, managed with metformin. The patient is afebrile, and her vitals are within normal limits. On physical examination, she has bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. A complete blood count and peripheral blood smear reveal normocytic anemia and leukocytosis. A bone marrow biopsy is performed, which shows > 20 % myeloperoxidase positive myeloblasts with splinter-shaped structures in the cytosol. The patient is started on a vitamin A derivative. Which of the following chromosomal translocations is most likely responsible for this patient’s condition?

A 6-year-old girl is brought to the physician for pain and increasing swelling over her scalp for 1 month. She has not had any trauma to the area. There is no family or personal history of serious illness. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows a 3-cm solitary, tender mass over the right parietal bone. X-ray of the skull shows a solitary osteolytic lesion. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 10.9 g/dL Leukocyte count 7300/mm3 Serum Na+ 136 mEq/L K+ 3.7 mEq/L Cl- 103 mEq/L Ca2+ 9.1 mg/dL Glucose 71 mg/dL Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 72-year-old man goes to his primary care provider for a checkup after some blood work showed lymphocytosis 3 months ago. He says he has been feeling a bit more tired lately but doesn’t complain of any other symptoms. Past medical history is significant for hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He takes lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, and atorvastatin. Additionally, his right hip was replaced three years ago due to osteoarthritis. Family history is noncontributory. He drinks socially and does not smoke. Today, he has a heart rate of 95/min, respiratory rate of 17/min, blood pressure of 135/85 mm Hg, and temperature of 36.8°C (98.2°F). On physical exam, he looks well. His heartbeat has a regular rate and rhythm and lungs that are clear to auscultation bilaterally. Additionally, he has mild lymphadenopathy of his cervical lymph nodes. A complete blood count with differential shows the following: Leukocyte count 5,000/mm3 Red blood cell count 3.1 million/mm3 Hemoglobin 11.0 g/dL MCV 95 um3 MCH 29 pg/cell Platelet count 150,000/mm3 Neutrophils 40% Lymphocytes 40% Monocytes 5% A specimen is sent for flow cytometry that shows a population that is CD 5, 19, 20, 23 positive. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 49-year-old man with HIV comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of intermittent diarrhea and abdominal pain. Abdominal examination shows mild, diffuse tenderness throughout the lower quadrants. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 180/mm3 (normal ≥ 500/mm3). Colonoscopy shows multiple hemorrhagic nodules in the rectum and descending colon. Polymerase chain reaction of the lesions is positive for HHV-8. Histologic examination of the lesions is most likely to show which of the following findings?

A 7-year-old boy presents to his primary care physician for a general checkup. The patient has been feeling poorly for the past several weeks and has been losing weight. He states that he often feels weak and too tired to play with his friends. He is no longer interested in many recreational activities he used to be interested in. The patient's parents state that a few of their child's friends have been sick lately. His temperature is 102°F (38.9°C), blood pressure is 77/48 mmHg, pulse is 110/min, respirations are 24/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. On exam, you note a fatigued appearing child who has lost 10 pounds since his last appointment. Left upper quadrant tenderness and a mass is noted on abdominal exam. Which of the following best describes the most likely diagnosis?

A 25-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of scrotal swelling. He is a college student and plays basketball with his friends regularly. Two days ago, he sustained an injury close to his thigh. He does not have any significant past medical history. Today, his vitals are normal. A focused scrotal examination reveals a firm painless lump on the right testicle which is irregular and small. Ultrasound of the scrotum reveals a vascular 0.6 x 0.5 cm testicular mass. A pelvic lymph node exam is negative. He undergoes a radical orchiectomy and subsequent histopathological examination reveals sheets of small cuboidal cells, multinucleated cells, and large eosinophilic cells with pleomorphic nuclei consistent with choriocarcinoma. Which of the following tumor marker is most likely elevated in this patient?

A 55-year-old woman returns to her physician for a follow-up on the anemia that was detected last month. She received treatment for a nasopharyngeal infection 2 weeks ago. She was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer 2 years ago and was treated with combination chemotherapy. She was a 30-pack-year smoker and quit when she developed lung cancer. She has been a vegan for 2 years. The vital signs are within normal limits. Examination of the lungs, heart, abdomen, and extremities show no abnormalities. No lymphadenopathy is detected. The laboratory studies show the following: Hemoglobin 8.5 g/dL Mean corpuscular volume 105 μm3 Leukocyte count 4,500/mm3 Platelet count 160,000/mm3 An abdominal ultrasonography shows no organomegaly or other pathologic findings. A peripheral blood smear shows large and hypogranular platelets and neutrophils with hypo-segmented or ringed nuclei. No blasts are seen. A bone marrow aspiration shows hypercellularity. In addition, ring sideroblasts, hypogranulation, and hyposegmentation of granulocyte precursors, and megakaryocytes with disorganized nuclei are noted. Marrow myeloblasts are 4% in volume. Which of the following factors in this patient’s history most increased the risk of developing this condition?

A 66-year-old man comes to the physician for a 3-month history of fatigue. He has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He had a transient ischemic attack 3 years ago. He drinks 3 beers a day, and sometimes a couple more on social occasions. He currently takes aspirin, simvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, and metoprolol. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 78, respirations are 19/min, and oxygen saturation on room air is 97%. He is in no distress but shows marked pallor and has multiple pinpoint, red, nonblanching spots on his extremities. On palpation, his spleen is significantly enlarged. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin of 8.0 g/dL, a leukocyte count of 80,000/mm3, and a platelet count of 34,000/mm3. A blood smear shows immature cells with large, prominent nucleoli and pink, elongated, needle-shaped cytoplasmic inclusions. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 3-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents because of excessive growth and a large tongue. His past medical-social history reveals that he is a product of non-consanguineous marriage to a 20-year-old primigravida. He was born at full term with a birth weight of 3.8 kg (8.4 lb) and length of 52 cm (20.5 in). His temperature is 37.0ºC (98.6°F), pulse is 90/min, and respirations are 22/min. Physical examination shows a mass coming out from his umbilicus and his head circumference is below average compared with children his age. On systemic examination, hepatomegaly is present. Asymptomatic hypoglycemia (36 mg/dL) is also detected, for which dextrose infusion is given. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism that best explains the pathogenesis of this condition?