Peritonitis — MCQs

A 40-year-old man presents with acute abdominal pain. Past medical history is significant for hepatitis C, complicated by multiple recent visits with associated ascites. His temperature is 38.3°C (100.9°F), heart rate is 115/min, blood pressure is 88/48 mm Hg, and respiratory rate is 16/min. On physical examination, the patient is alert and in moderate discomfort. Cardiopulmonary examination is unremarkable. Abdominal examination reveals distant bowel sounds on auscultation. There is also mild diffuse abdominal tenderness to palpation with guarding present. The remainder of the physical examination is unremarkable. A paracentesis is performed. Laboratory results are significant for the following: Leukocyte count 11,630/µL (with 94% neutrophils) Platelets 24,000/µL Hematocrit 29% Ascitic fluid analysis: Cell count 658 PMNs/µL Total protein 1.2 g/dL Glucose 24 mg/dL Gram stain Gram-negative rods Culture Culture yields growth of E. coli Which of the following is the next, best step in the management of this patient?

A 49-year-old woman with a history of hepatitis C cirrhosis complicated by esophageal varices, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy presents with 1 week of increasing abdominal discomfort. Currently, she takes lactulose, rifaximin, furosemide, and spironolactone. On physical examination, she has mild asterixis, generalized jaundice, and a distended abdomen with positive fluid wave. Diagnostic paracentesis yields a WBC count of 1196/uL with 85% neutrophils. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?

A 15-year-old boy presents with his father to the urgent care with 5 days of frequent diarrhea, occasionally with streaks of blood mixed in. Stool cultures are pending, but preliminary stool samples demonstrate fecal leukocytes and erythrocytes. His vital signs are as follows: blood pressure is 126/83 mm Hg, heart rate is 97/min, and respiratory rate is 15/min. He is started on outpatient therapy for presumed Shigella infection. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy?

A 58-year-old man with liver cirrhosis presents to his primary care physician complaining of increased abdominal girth and early satiety. He drinks 2–4 glasses of wine with dinner and recalls having had abnormal liver enzymes in the past. Vital signs include a temperature of 37.1°C (98.7°F), blood pressure of 110/70 mm Hg, and a pulse of 75/min. Physical examination reveals telangiectasias, mild splenomegaly, palpable firm liver, and shifting dullness. Liver function is shown: Total bilirubin 3 mg/dL Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 150 U/L Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 70 U/L Total albumin 2.5 g/dL Abdominal ultrasonography confirms the presence of ascites. Diagnostic paracentesis is performed and its results are shown: Polymorphonuclear cell count 10 cells/mm Ascitic protein 1 g/dL Which of the following best represents the mechanism of ascites in this patient?

A 52-year-old man, with a history of alcoholism, presents with loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and fever for the past 24 hours. He says he consumed 12 beers and a bottle of vodka 2 days ago. He reports a 19-year history of alcoholism. His blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg, pulse is 100/min, respirations are 20/min, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Laboratory findings are significant for the following: Sodium 137 mEq/L Potassium 3.4 mEq/L Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 230 U/L Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 470 U/L Which of the following histopathologic findings would most likely be found on a liver biopsy of this patient?

A 25-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician complaining of several months of diarrhea. She has also had crampy abdominal pain. She has tried modifying her diet without improvement. She has many watery, non-bloody bowel movements per day. She also reports feeling fatigued. The patient has not recently traveled outside of the country. She has lost 10 pounds since her visit last year, and her BMI is now 20. On exam, she has skin tags and an anal fissure. Which of the following would most likely be seen on endoscopy and biopsy?

An esophageal biopsy sample from a 47-year-old male with chronic heartburn reveals intestinal metaplasia. Which of the following abnormal cell types is likely present in this patient's esophagus?

A 21-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of severe abdominal pain, bloating, and episodic diarrhea. He has also had a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss during this time. Physical examination shows a mildly distended abdomen, hyperactive bowel sounds, and diffuse abdominal tenderness. A biopsy specimen of the colonic mucosa shows scattered areas of inflammation with fibrosis and noncaseating granulomas. Which of the following is most likely involved in the pathogenesis of this patient's condition?

A previously healthy 35-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 3-week history of alternating constipation and diarrhea with blood in her stool. She has not had any fevers or weight loss. Her father died of gastric cancer at 50 years of age. Physical examination shows blue-gray macules on the lips and palms of both hands. Colonoscopy shows multiple polyps throughout the small bowel and colon with one ulcerated polyp at the level of the sigmoid colon. Multiple biopsy specimens are collected. These polyps are most likely to be characterized as which of the following histological subtypes?

A 51-year-old man presents to his primary care physician's office for a 6-week history of fatigue and diarrhea. He says that the diarrhea is frequent, small volume, and contains gross blood. Review of systems is significant for subjective fever and an unintentional 5-pound weight loss. He denies recent travel outside of the United States. His past medical history is significant for IV drug abuse, HIV infection with non-compliance, and osteoarthritis. His family history is significant for Crohn disease in his mother. His temperature is 100.7°F (38.2°C), pulse is 90/min, blood pressure is 129/72 mmHg, and respirations are 16/min. His abdominal exam shows mild right and left lower quadrant tenderness with no rebound or guarding. Laboratory results are significant for a CD4 count of 42/mm^3. Colonoscopy with tissue biopsy will most likely reveal which of the following?