Screening tests — MCQs

A 31-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist for cervical cancer screening. She has no complaints and is sexually active. There is no history of cervical cancer or other malignancy in her family. A complete physical examination, including an examination of the genitourinary system, is normal. A sampling of the cervix is performed at the transformation zone and is sent for a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear examination and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing. After examination of the smear, the cytopathologist informs the gynecologist that it is negative for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, but that atypical squamous cells are present in the sample and it is difficult to distinguish between reactive changes and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Atypical glandular cells are not present. The high-risk HPV DNA test is positive. Which of the following is the next best step in this patient’s management?

A 24-year-old G1P1 presents to her physician to discuss the results of her Pap smear. Her previous 2 Pap smears were normal. Her family history is significant for breast cancer in her grandmother and cervical carcinoma in situ in her older sister. The results of her current Pap smear are as follows: Specimen adequacy: satisfactory for evaluation Interpretation: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance Which of the following options is the best next step in the management of this patient?

A P2G1 diabetic woman is at risk of delivering at 29 weeks gestation. Her obstetrician counsels her that there is a risk the baby could have significant pulmonary distress after it is born. However, she states she will give the mother corticosteroids, which will help prevent this from occurring. Additionally, the obstetrician states she will perform a test on the amniotic fluid which will indicate the likelihood of the infant being affected by this syndrome. Which of the following ratios would be most predictive of the infant having pulmonary distress?

A 21-year-old primigravida presents to her physician for a prenatal visit. She has a positive pregnancy test 1 week ago. The estimated gestational age is 16 weeks. She has no complaints. She has a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus and takes insulin for glucose control. The urine dipstick test shows 3+ glucose and negative for protein. The blood tests ordered at the last visit 1 week ago are as follows: Fasting glucose 110 mg/dL HbA1c 8.3% Which of the following tests should be highly recommended for this patient?

A 24-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She feels well. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals and last for 3–5 days, with normal flow. They are occasionally accompanied by pain. Three years ago, she was diagnosed with chlamydial cervicitis and treated with doxycycline. She has been sexually active with multiple partners since the age of 18 years. She regularly uses condoms for contraception. She drinks 2–3 beers on weekends and smokes half a pack of cigarettes daily. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination including a complete pelvic exam shows no abnormalities. A Pap smear shows a low-grade squamous epithelial lesion (LSIL). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 29-year-old primigravid woman at 18 weeks’ gestation comes to the physician for her first prenatal visit. She works as a paralegal and lives with her husband. Her current pregnancy was unexpected, and she did not take any prenatal medications or supplements. Physical examination shows a uterus 2 inches above the umbilicus. The concentration of α-fetoprotein in the maternal serum and concentrations of both α-fetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase in the amniotic fluid are elevated. Ultrasonography of the uterus shows an increased amniotic fluid volume. The fetus most likely has which of the following conditions?

A 62-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after an episode of light-headedness. She was using the bathroom when she felt light-headed and fell to the floor. Her daughter found her and brought her into the emergency department right away. The patient has a past medical history of obesity and diabetes mellitus. She came to the emergency department 1 week ago for a similar complaint. The patient states that she has otherwise felt well with the exception of fatigue, constipation, an odd sensation in her chest, and a decreased appetite and desire to drink recently causing her to lose 10 pounds. Her temperature is 98.0°F (36.7°C), blood pressure is 122/88 mmHg, pulse is 92/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Physical exam reveals a cardiopulmonary exam within normal limits and stable gait. The patient has an obese abdomen with abdominal distension. Strength is 5/5 in the upper and lower extremities. Which of the following is associated with the most likely diagnosis?

A 23-year-old woman approaches her university health services after a 5-day history of having a mucoid secretion that she has seen on her underwear upon waking up in the morning. She denies dysuria. She comments that 2 weeks ago, she engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse with both a male and a female classmate during a sorority party. During the physical examination, the practitioner finds pain with the mobilization of the cervix and a clear, mucoid secretion coming out of the urethra. The rest of the physical examination is normal. If you were to perform a urine exam for microscopic evaluation, which of the following would you expect to see?

A 15-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 2-week history of vaginal discharge. She has type 1 diabetes mellitus and her only medication is insulin. Menses occur at 28- to 29-day intervals, and her last menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. She does not want to share information regarding sexual activity. She is at the 60th percentile for height and weight. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows Tanner stage II breast development. Pelvic examination shows white, thin, odorless vaginal discharge. A wet mount of the discharge shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 22-year-old female college student presents to the clinic with complaints of intense vaginal itching and a painful sensation when urinating. She also notes that she has felt more lethargic and has additionally been experiencing recent fevers and headaches. She says that she is sexually active and occasionally uses condoms. On physical exam, she is found to have red, vesicular ulcers on her labia that are painful to palpation and tender inguinal lymphadenopathy. What is the most likely pathogen causing her presentation?