Prenatal Care — MCQs

A 23-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 5-day history of nausea and vomiting. There is no associated fever, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, or dysuria. She is sexually active and uses condoms inconsistently. Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 90/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. There is no rebound tenderness or guarding. A urine pregnancy test is positive. Ultrasonography shows an intrauterine pregnancy consistent in size with an 8-week gestation. The hormone that was measured in this patient's urine to detect the pregnancy is also directly responsible for which of the following processes?

An 18-year-old G1P0 woman who is 10 weeks pregnant presents for her first prenatal visit. She reports nausea with occasional vomiting but denies bleeding, urinary symptoms, or abdominal pain. She just graduated high school and works at the local grocery store. She does not take any medications and has no known drug allergies. Physical examination is unremarkable. Initial laboratory studies reveal the following: Serum: Na+: 140 mEq/L Cl-: 100 mEq/L K+: 4.0 mEq/L HCO3-: 24 mEq/L BUN: 10 mg/dL Glucose: 100 mg/dL Creatinine: 1.0 mg/dL Thyroid-stimulating hormone: 2.5 µU/mL Ca2+: 9.5 mg/dL AST: 25 U/L ALT: 20 U/L Leukocyte count: 10,000 cells/mm^3 with normal differential Hemoglobin: 14 g/dL Hematocrit: 42% Platelet count: 200,000 /mm^3 Urine: Epithelial cells: few Glucose: negative WBC: 20/hpf Bacterial: > 100,000 cfu / E. coli pan-sensitive What is the best next step in management?

A 5-year-old boy presents for a regularly scheduled check-up. The child is wheelchair bound due to lower extremity paralysis and suffers from urinary incontinence. At birth, it was noted that the child had lower limbs of disproportionately small size in relation to the rest of his body. Radiograph imaging at birth also revealed several abnormalities in the spine, pelvis, and lower limbs. Complete history and physical performed on the child's birth mother during her pregnancy would likely have revealed which of the following?

A 26-year-old primigravida woman presents to her obstetrician for her first prenatal visit. Her last menstrual cycle was 12 weeks ago. She denies tobacco, alcohol, illicit drug use, or history of sexually transmitted infections. She denies recent travel outside the country but is planning on visiting her family in Canada for Thanksgiving in 3 days. Her past medical and family history is unremarkable. Her temperature is 97.5°F (36.3°C), blood pressure is 119/76 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, and respirations are 20/min. BMI is 22 kg/m^2. Fetal pulse is 136/min. The patient's blood type is B-negative. Mumps and rubella titers are non-reactive. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation at this visit?

A 34-year-old primigravid woman at 8 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department 4 hours after the onset of vaginal bleeding and crampy lower abdominal pain. She has passed multiple large and small blood clots. The vaginal bleeding and pain have decreased since their onset. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 98/min, and blood pressure is 112/76 mm Hg. Pelvic examination shows mild vaginal bleeding and a closed cervical os. An ultrasound of the pelvis shows minimal fluid in the endometrial cavity and no gestational sac. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 30-year old G2P1 woman, currently at 38 weeks estimated gestational age, presents with contractions. She says that she did not have any prenatal care, because she does not have health insurance. Upon delivery, the infant appears jaundiced and has marked hepatosplenomegaly. Serum hemoglobin is 11.6 g/dL and serum bilirubin is 8 mg/dL. The direct and indirect Coombs tests are both positive. The mother has never had a blood transfusion. Her previous child was born healthy with no complications. Which of the following is most consistent with this neonate’s most likely condition?

A 23-year-old woman presents to the outpatient OB/GYN clinic as a new patient who wishes to begin contraception. She has no significant past medical history, family history, or social history. The review of systems is negative. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 118/78 mm Hg, pulse 73/min, and respiratory rate 16/min. She is afebrile. Physical examination is unremarkable. She has researched multiple different contraceptive methods, and wants to know which is the most efficacious. Which of the following treatments should be recommended?

A 34-year-old gravida 5, para 4 presents to the physician for prenatal care at 32 weeks of pregnancy. She comes from a rural region of Ethiopia and did not have appropriate prenatal care during previous pregnancies. She has no complaints of swelling, contractions, loss of fluid, or bleeding from the vagina. During her current pregnancy, she has received proper care and has completed the required laboratory and instrumental tests, which did not show any pathology. Her blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg, heart rate is 77/min, respiratory rate is 15/min, and temperature is 36.6°C (97.8°F). Her examination is consistent with a normal 32-weeks’ gestation. The patient tells the physician that she is going to deliver her child at home, without any medical aid. The physician inquires about her tetanus vaccination status. The patient reports that she had tetanus 1 year after her first delivery at the age of 16, and it was managed appropriately. She had no tetanus vaccinations since then. Which of the following statements is true?

A 20-year-old woman presents with nausea, fatigue, and breast tenderness. She is sexually active with two partners and occasionally uses condoms during intercourse. A β-hCG urinary test is positive. A transvaginal ultrasound reveals an 8-week fetus in the uterine cavity. The patient is distressed by this news and requests an immediate abortion. Which of the following is the most appropriate step in management?

A 27-year-old G3P2002 presents to the clinic for follow up after her initial prenatal visit. Her last period was 8 weeks ago. Her medical history is notable for obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and eczema. Her current two children are healthy. Her current pregnancy is with a new partner after she separated from her previous partner. Her vaccinations are up to date since the delivery of her second child. Her temperature is 98°F (37°C), blood pressure is 110/60 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 18/min. Her physical exam is unremarkable. Laboratory results are shown below: Hemoglobin: 14 g/dL Hematocrit: 41% Leukocyte count: 9,000/mm^3 with normal differential Platelet count: 210,000/mm^3 Blood type: O Rh status: Negative Urine: Epithelial cells: Rare Glucose: Positive WBC: 5/hpf Bacterial: None Rapid plasma reagin: Negative Rubella titer: > 1:8 HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody screen: Negative Gonorrhea and Chlamydia NAAT: negative Pap smear: High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) What is the best next step in management?