Premature rupture of membranes — MCQs

A 35-year-old G3P2 woman currently 39 weeks pregnant presents to the emergency department with painful vaginal bleeding shortly after a motor vehicle accident in which she was a passenger. She had her seat belt on and reports that the airbag deployed immediately upon her car's impact against a tree. She admits that she actively smokes cigarettes. Her prenatal workup is unremarkable. Her previous pregnancies were remarkable for one episode of chorioamnionitis that resolved with antibiotics. Her temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, pulse is 130/min, and respirations are 20/min. The fetal pulse is 110/min. Her uterus is tender and firm. The remainder of her physical exam is unremarkable. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 27-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 37 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital in active labor. She has received routine prenatal care, but she has not been tested for group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization. Pregnancy and delivery of her first child were complicated by an infection with GBS that resulted in sepsis in the newborn. Current medications include folic acid and a multivitamin. Vital signs are within normal limits. The abdomen is nontender and contractions are felt every 4 minutes. There is clear amniotic fluid pooling in the vagina. The fetus is in a cephalic presentation. The fetal heart rate is 140/min. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 31 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital because her water broke one hour ago. Pregnancy has been complicated by iron deficiency anemia and hypothyroidism treated with iron supplements and L-thyroxine, respectively. The patient followed-up with her gynecologist on a regular basis throughout the pregnancy. Pregnancy and delivery of her first child were uncomplicated. Pulse is 90/min, respirations are 17/min, and blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg. The abdomen is nontender. She has had 8 contractions within the last hour. Pelvic examination shows cervical dilation of 3 cm. The fetal heart rate is 140/min with no decelerations. In addition to administration of dexamethasone and terbutaline, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

A 28-year-old primigravid woman at 36 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of worsening pelvic pain for 2 hours. Three days ago, she had a burning sensation with urination that resolved spontaneously. She has nausea and has vomited fluid twice on her way to the hospital. She appears ill. Her temperature is 39.7°C (103.5°F), pulse is 125/min, respirations are 33/min, and blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg. Abdominal examination shows diffuse tenderness. No contractions are felt. Speculum examination shows pooling of nonbloody, malodorous fluid in the vaginal vault. The cervix is not effaced or dilated. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin concentration of 14 g/dL, a leukocyte count of 16,000/mm3, and a platelet count of 250,000/mm3. Fetal heart rate is 148/min and reactive with no decelerations. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 34-year-old gravida 2 para 1 woman at 16 weeks gestation presents for prenatal care. Her prenatal course has been uncomplicated. She takes no medications besides her prenatal vitamin which she takes every day, and she has been compliant with routine prenatal care. She has a 7-year-old daughter who is healthy. The results of her recent quadruple screen are listed below: AFP: Low hCG: Low Estriol: Low Inhibin-A: Normal Which of the following is the most appropriate next step to confirm the diagnosis?

A 32-year-old G2P1 female at 30 weeks gestation presents to the emergency department with complaints of vaginal bleeding and severe abdominal pain. She states that she began feeling poorly yesterday with a stomach-ache, nausea, and vomiting. She first noted a small amount of spotting this morning that progressed to much larger amounts of vaginal bleeding with worsened abdominal pain a few hours later, prompting her to come to the emergency department. Her previous pregnancy was without complications, and the fetus was delivered at 40 weeks by Cesarean section. Fetal heart monitoring shows fetal distress with late decelerations. Which of the following is a risk factor for this patient's presenting condition?

A 26-year-old gravida 1 at 36 weeks gestation is brought to the emergency department by her husband complaining of contractions lasting up to 2 minutes. The contractions are mostly in the front of her abdomen and do not radiate. The frequency and intensity of contractions have not changed since the onset. The patient worries that she is in labor. The blood pressure is 125/80 mm Hg, the heart rate is 96/min, the respiratory rate is 15/min, and the temperature 36.8°C (98.2℉). The physical examination is unremarkable. The estimated fetal weight is 3200 g (6.6 lb). The fetal heart rate is 146/min. The cervix is not dilated. The vertex is at the -4 station. Which of the following would be proper short-term management of this woman?

A 30-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 3, at 39 weeks' gestation comes to the hospital 20 minutes after the onset of vaginal bleeding. She has not received prenatal care. Her third child was delivered by lower segment transverse cesarean section because of a footling breech presentation. Her other two children were delivered vaginally. Her temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 86/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 132/74 mm Hg. The abdomen is nontender, and no contractions are felt. The fetus is in a vertex presentation. The fetal heart rate is 96/min. Per speculum examination reveals ruptured membranes and severe bleeding from the external os. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 32-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 38 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of vaginal bleeding for the past hour. The patient reports that she felt contractions prior to the onset of the bleeding, but the contractions stopped after the bleeding started. She also has severe abdominal pain. Her first child was delivered by lower segment transverse cesarean section because of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate. Her pulse is 110/min, respirations are 17/min, and blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg. Examination shows diffuse abdominal tenderness with no rebound or guarding; no contractions are felt. The fetal heart rate shows recurrent variable decelerations. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 29-year-old G2P1 at 35 weeks gestation presents to the obstetric emergency room with vaginal bleeding and severe lower back pain. She reports the acute onset of these symptoms 1 hour ago while she was outside playing with her 4-year-old son. Her prior birthing history is notable for an emergency cesarean section during her first pregnancy. She received appropriate prenatal care during both pregnancies. She has a history of myomectomy for uterine fibroids. Her past medical history is notable for diabetes mellitus. She takes metformin. Her temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 104/68 mmHg, pulse is 120/min, and respirations are 20/min. On physical examination, the patient is in moderate distress. Large blood clots are removed from the vaginal vault. Contractions are occurring every 2 minutes. Delayed decelerations are noted on fetal heart monitoring. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?