High-risk pregnancies — MCQs

A 32-year-old G0P0 female complains of unsuccessful pregnancy since discontinuing an oral contraceptive 12 months ago. She reports menarche at age 15 and has had irregular periods since. She had occasional spotting while taking an oral contraceptive, but she has not had a “normal period” since discontinuing the pill. She currently denies having any hot flashes. Physical examination reveals normal height and BMI. A speculum examination shows atrophic vagina. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin concentrations are within normal limits. The patient tests negative for a qualitative serum beta‐hCG. The laboratory findings include a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level of 56 mIU/mL and an estradiol level of <18 pmol/L, confirmed by 2 separate readings within 2 months. Based on her history, physical examination, and laboratory findings, what is the most likely cause of her infertility?

A 36-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 3, at 35 weeks' gestation is brought to the emergency department for the evaluation of a sudden, painless, bright red vaginal bleeding for the last hour. She has had no prenatal care. Her third child was delivered by lower segment transverse cesarean section because of a preterm breech presentation; her first two children were delivered vaginally. The patient's pulse is 100/min, respirations are 15/min, and blood pressure is 105/70 mm Hg. Examination shows a soft, nontender abdomen; no contractions are felt. There is blood on the vulva, the introitus, and on the medial aspect both thighs bilaterally. The fetus is in a cephalic presentation. The fetal heart rate is 140/min. One hour later, the bleeding stops. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 13-year-old girl presents to her primary care physician due to concerns of not having her first menstrual period. She reports a mild headache but otherwise has no concerns. She does not take any medications. She states that she is sexually active and uses condoms inconsistently. Medical history is unremarkable. Menarche in the mother and sister began at age 11. The patient is 62 inches tall and weighs 110 pounds. Her temperature is 99°F (37.2 °C), blood pressure is 105/70, pulse is 71/min, and respirations are 14/min. On physical exam, she is Tanner stage 1 with a present uterus and normal vagina on pelvic exam. Urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is negative. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) serum level is 0.5 mIU/mL (normal is 4-25 mIU/mL) and luteinizing hormone (LH) serum level is 1 mIU/mL (normal is 5-20 mIU/mL). Which of the following is the best next step in management?

A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 28 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She feels well. Pregnancy and delivery of her first child were uncomplicated. She has a history of bipolar disorder and hypothyroidism. She uses cocaine once a month and has a history of drinking alcohol excessively, but has not consumed alcohol for the past 5 years. Medications include quetiapine, levothyroxine, folic acid, and a multivitamin. Her temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 88/min, and blood pressure is 115/75 mm Hg. Pelvic examination shows a uterus consistent in size with a 28-week gestation. Serum studies show a hemoglobin concentration of 11.2 g/dL and thyroid-stimulating hormone level of 3.5 μU/mL. Her fetus is at greatest risk of developing which of the following complications?

A 25-year-old woman presents to her physician with a missed mense and occasional morning nausea. Her menstrual cycles have previously been normal and on time. She has hypothyroidism resulting from Hashimoto thyroiditis diagnosed 2 years ago. She receives levothyroxine (50 mcg daily) and is euthyroid. She does not take any other medications, including birth control pills. At the time of presentation, her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg, heart rate 68/min, respiratory rate 12/min, and temperature 36.5℃ (97.7℉). The physical examination shows slight breast engorgement and nipple hyperpigmentation. The gynecologic examination reveals cervical softening and increased mobility. The uterus is enlarged. There are no adnexal masses. The thyroid panel is as follows: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 3.41 mU/L Total T4 111 nmol/L Free T4 20 pmol/L Which of the following adjustments should be made to the patient’s therapy?

A 28-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 12 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She reports feeling fatigued, but she is otherwise feeling well. Pregnancy and delivery of her first 2 children were complicated by iron deficiency anemia. The patient does not smoke or drink alcohol. She does not use illicit drugs. She has a history of a seizure disorder controlled by lamotrigine; other medications include folic acid, iron supplements, and a multivitamin. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 80/min, and blood pressure is 144/96 mm Hg. She recalls that during blood pressure self-monitoring yesterday morning her blood pressure was 140/95 mm Hg. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies, including serum glucose level and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration, are within normal limits. This patient's child is most likely to develop which of the following?

A 25-year-old pregnant woman at 28 weeks gestation presents with a headache. Her pregnancy has been managed by a nurse practitioner. Her temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 164/104 mmHg, pulse is 100/min, respirations are 22/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is notable for a comfortable appearing woman with a gravid uterus. Laboratory tests are ordered as seen below. Hemoglobin: 12 g/dL Hematocrit: 36% Leukocyte count: 6,700/mm^3 with normal differential Platelet count: 100,500/mm^3 Serum: Na+: 141 mEq/L Cl-: 101 mEq/L K+: 4.4 mEq/L HCO3-: 25 mEq/L BUN: 21 mg/dL Glucose: 99 mg/dL Creatinine: 1.0 mg/dL AST: 32 U/L ALT: 30 U/L Urine: Color: Amber Protein: Positive Blood: Negative Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 25-year-old G2P1 woman at 28 weeks estimated gestational age presents with questions on getting epidural anesthesia for her upcoming delivery. She has not received any prenatal care until now. Her previous pregnancy was delivered safely at home by an unlicensed midwife, but she would like to receive an epidural for this upcoming delivery. Upon inquiry, she admits that she desires a ''fully natural experience'' and has taken no supplements or shots during or after her 1st pregnancy. Her 1st child also did not receive any post-delivery injections or vaccinations but is currently healthy. The patient has an A (-) negative blood group, while her husband has an O (+) positive blood group. Which of the following should be administered immediately in this patient to prevent a potentially serious complication during delivery?

A 19-year-old woman presents with an irregular menstrual cycle. She says that her menstrual cycles have been light with irregular breakthrough bleeding for the past three months. She also complains of hair loss and increased the growth of facial and body hair. She had menarche at 11. Vital signs are within normal limits. Her weight is 97.0 kg (213.8 lb) and height is 157 cm (5 ft 2 in). Physical examination shows excessive hair growth on the patient’s face, back, linea alba region, and on the hips. There is also a gray-brown skin discoloration on the posterior neck. An abdominal ultrasound shows multiple peripheral cysts in both ovaries. Which of the following cells played a direct role in the development of this patient’s excessive hair growth?

A 19-year-old woman presents to her university health clinic for a regularly scheduled visit. She has a past medical history of depression, acne, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and dysmenorrhea. She is currently on paroxetine, dextroamphetamine, and naproxen during her menses. She is using nicotine replacement products to quit smoking. She is concerned about her acne, recent weight gain, and having a depressed mood this past month. She also states that her menses are irregular and painful. She is not sexually active and tries to exercise once a month. Her temperature is 97.6°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 133/81 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is notable for a morbidly obese woman with acne on her face. Her pelvic exam is unremarkable. The patient is given a prescription for isotretinoin. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?