High-risk pregnancies — MCQs

A 28-year-old woman at 28 weeks gestation seeks evaluation at her obstetrician’s office with complaints of a severe headache, blurred vision, and vomiting for the past 2 days. Her pregnancy has been otherwise uneventful. The past medical history is unremarkable. The blood pressure is 195/150 mm Hg and the pulse is 88/min. On examination, moderate pitting edema is present in her ankles. The urinalysis is normal except for 3+ proteinuria. The obstetrician orders a complete blood count (CBC), liver function tests (LFTs), creatinine, and a coagulation profile. The obstetrician transfers her to the hospital by ambulance for expectant management. Which of the following medications would be most helpful for this patient?

A 32-year-old woman presents to clinic complaining of pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding for the past 2 years. The patient reports that her last menstrual period was 1 week ago and she soaked through 1 tampon every 1-2 hours during that time. She does not take any medications and denies alcohol and cigarette use. She is currently trying to have a child with her husband. She works as a school teacher and exercises regularly. Her temperature is 97.0°F (36.1°C), blood pressure is 122/80 mmHg, pulse is 93/min, respirations are 16/min, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Physical examination reveals an enlarged, irregularly-shaped uterus palpable at the level of the umbilicus. Laboratory studies are ordered as seen below. Hemoglobin: 9.0 g/dL Hematocrit: 29% MCV: 70 fL Leukocyte count: 4,500/mm^3 with normal differential Platelet count: 188,000/mm^3 Urine: hCG: Negative Blood: Negative Leukocytes: Negative Bacteria: Negative Which of the following is the most effective treatment for this patient?

A 26-year-old primigravida presents to her physician’s office at 35 weeks gestation with new onset lower leg edema. The course of her pregnancy was uneventful up to the time of presentation and she has been compliant with the recommended prenatal care. She reports a 4 pack-year history of smoking prior to her pregnancy. She also used oral contraceptives for birth control before considering the pregnancy. Prior to pregnancy, she weighed 52 kg (114.6 lb). She gained 11 kg (24.3 lb) during the pregnancy thus far, and 2 kg (4.4 lb) during the last 2 weeks. Her height is 169 cm (5 ft 7 in). She has a family history of hypertension in her mother (diagnosed at 46 years of age) and aunt (diagnosed at 51 years of age). The blood pressure is 145/90 mm Hg, the heart rate is 91/min, the respiratory rate is 15/min, and the temperature is 36.6℃ (97.9℉). The blood pressure is unchanged 15 minutes and 4 hours after the initial measurement. The fetal heart rate is 144/min. The examination is remarkable for 2+ pitting lower leg edema. The neurologic examination shows no focality. A urine dipstick test shows 2+ proteinuria. Which of the following factors is a risk factor for her condition?

A 27-year-old G1P0 presents to her obstetrician for her normal 30-week obstetric appointment. She reports that she feels well and has no complaints. Her past medical history is notable for intermittent asthma. Her only medications are prenatal vitamins. She has gained 10 pounds, more than expected given her current stage of pregnancy. Abdominal ultrasound reveals the presence of twins with separate amniotic sacs that share a common chorion and placenta. During which time interval following fertilization did embryonic division occur to result in this twin configuration?

A previously healthy 18-year-old woman comes to the emergency department for evaluation of intractable vomiting and uterine cramping. Her last menstrual period was 7 weeks ago. Serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin concentration is 170,000 mIU/mL. A transvaginal ultrasound shows a complex intrauterine mass with numerous anechoic spaces and multiple ovarian cysts. The patient undergoes dilation and curettage, which shows hydropic villi with diffuse, circumferential trophoblastic proliferation. Karyotype analysis of the specimen is most likely to show which of the following?

A 48-year-old woman presents to the emergency department because of increasingly severe right upper abdominal pain, fever, and non-bloody vomiting for the last 5 hours. The pain is dull, intermittent, and radiates to her right shoulder. During the past 3 months, she has had recurring abdominal discomfort after meals. The patient underwent an appendectomy more than 30 years ago. She has hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, and chronic back pain. She takes bisoprolol, metformin, and ibuprofen daily. She is 171 cm (5 ft 6 in) tall and weighs 99 kg (218 lb). Her BMI is 35.2 kg/m2. She appears uncomfortable and is clutching her abdomen. Her temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), pulse is 108/min, and blood pressure is 150/82 mm Hg. Abdominal examination shows right upper quadrant abdominal tenderness and guarding. Upon deep palpation of the right upper quadrant, the patient pauses during inspiration. Laboratory studies show the following: Blood Hemoglobin 13.1 g/dL Leukocyte count 10,900/mm3 Platelet count 236,000/mm3 Mean corpuscular volume 89/µm3 Serum Urea nitrogen 28 mg/dL Glucose 89 mg/dL Creatinine 0.7 mg/dL Bilirubin Total 1.6 mg/dL Direct 1.1 mg/dL Alkaline phosphatase 79 U/L Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT) 28 U/L Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT) 32 U/L An X-ray of the abdomen shows no abnormalities. Further evaluation of the patient is most likely to reveal which of the following?

A 24-year-old female comes to the physician for evaluation of a delayed menstrual period and intermittent lower abdominal pain for 2 days. Menarche occurred at the age of 12 years, and menses have occurred at regular 28-day intervals. Her last menstrual period was 7 weeks ago. Two years ago, she was treated for chlamydia infection. Pelvic examination shows a soft, mildly enlarged uterus. Endometrial biopsy shows decidualization of the endometrium without chorionic villi. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the following findings?

A 30-year-old woman presents to her new doctor at 27 weeks' gestation with her second pregnancy. Her blood type is B- and the father of the child is B+. Her first child had an Apgar score of 7 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes and has a B+ blood type. The fetus has a heart rate of 130/min and blood pressure of 100/58 mm Hg. There is a concern that the fetus may develop erythroblastosis fetalis (EF). Which of the following statements is true about erythroblastosis fetalis?

A 31-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist to be evaluated for her inability to conceive. She is G1P0 who has a 28-day cycle and no menstrual abnormalities. Her single pregnancy terminated early with an elective abortion at the patient’s request. She had several sexual partners before meeting her husband 5 years ago. They have intercourse regularly without the use of contraception and have been tracking her ovulation cycle to try to become pregnant for at least 1 year. She reports a history of occasional malodorous vaginal discharge and mild lower abdominal pain after menses and sexual intercourse, but she notes no such symptoms recently. Her husband’s spermogram was normal. Her weight is 65 kg (143 lb) and the height is 160 cm (5 ft, 3 in). On examination, the patient’s vital signs are within normal limits. The physical examination is unremarkable. On pelvic examination, the adnexa are slightly tender to palpation bilaterally. Which of the following tests is the most reasonable to be performed next in this patient?

A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has not had a menstrual period for 3 months. Menarche occurred at the age of 12 years and menses occurred at regular 30-day intervals until they became irregular 1 year ago. She is 160 cm (5 ft 3 in) tall and weighs 85 kg (187 lb); BMI is 33.2 kg/m2. Physical exam shows nodules and pustules along the jaw line and dark hair growth around the umbilicus. Pelvic examination shows a normal-sized, retroverted uterus. A urine pregnancy test is negative. Without treatment, this patient is at greatest risk for which of the following?