High-risk pregnancies — MCQs

A 54-year-old woman comes to the clinic for an annual check-up. She has no other complaints except for some weight gain over the past year. Her last menstrual period was 8 months ago. “I started eating less since I get full easily and exercising more but just can’t lose this belly fat,” she complains. She is sexually active with her husband and does not use any contraception since “I am old.” She denies vaginal dryness, hot flashes, fevers, abdominal pain, or abnormal vaginal bleeding but does endorse intermittent constipation for the past year. Physical examination is unremarkable except for some mild abdominal distension with fluid wave. Laboratory findings are as follows: Serum: Na+: 138 mEq/L Cl-: 97 mEq/L K+: 3.9 mEq/L Urea nitrogen: 21 mg/dL Creatinine: 1.4 mg/dL Glucose: 120 mg/dL B-hCG: negative What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

A 37-year-old G4P3 presents to her physician at 20 weeks gestation for routine prenatal care. Currently, she has no complaints; however, in the first trimester she was hospitalized due to acute pyelonephritis and was treated with cefuroxime. All her past pregnancies required cesarean deliveries for medical indications. Her history is also significant for amenorrhea after weight loss at 19 years of age and a cervical polypectomy at 30 years of age. Today, her vital signs are within normal limits and a physical examination is unremarkable. A transabdominal ultrasound shows a normally developing male fetus without morphologic abnormalities, anterior placement of the placenta in the lower uterine segment, loss of the retroplacental hypoechoic zone, and visible lacunae within the myometrium. Which of the following factors present in this patient is a risk factor for the condition she has developed?

A 23-year-old primipara with no co-morbidities presents at 34 weeks gestation with edema and a moderate headache. Her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure, 147/90 mm Hg; heart rate, 82/min; respiratory rate, 16/min; and temperature, 36.6℃ (97.9℉). The physical examination is significant for a 2+ pitting edema. The dipstick test shows 2+ proteinuria. Laboratory testing showed the following findings: Erythrocyte count 3.2 million/mm3 Hemoglobin 12.1 g/dL Hematocrit 0.58 Reticulocyte count 0.3% Leukocyte count 7,300/mm3 Thrombocyte count 190,000/mm3 Total bilirubin 3.3 mg/dL (56.4 µmol/L) Conjugated bilirubin 1.2 mg/dL (20.5 µmol/L) ALT 67 U/L AST 78 U/L Creatinine 0.91 mg/dL (80.4 µmol/L) Which of the following laboratory parameters satisfies the criteria for severe preeclampsia in this patient?

A 29-year-old G2P1 in her 22nd week of pregnancy presents with a primary complaint of peripheral edema. Her first pregnancy was without any major complications. Evaluation reveals a blood pressure of 160/90 and urinalysis demonstrates elevated levels of protein; both of these values were within normal limits at the patient's last well check-up 1 year ago. Further progression of this patient’s condition would immediately place her at greatest risk for developing which of the following?

A 76-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of a 3-month history of vulvar itching and pain. She was diagnosed with lichen sclerosus 4 years ago. She has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. Physical examination shows a 2.5-cm nodular, ulcerative lesion on the vaginal introitus and left labia minora with surrounding erythema. Punch biopsy shows squamous cell carcinoma. A CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis shows enlarged lymph nodes concerning for metastatic disease. Which of the following lymph node regions is the most likely primary site of metastasis?

A 27-year-old woman with a past medical history of rheumatoid arthritis and severe anemia of chronic disease presents to the emergency department for nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain that started this morning. She has been unable to tolerate oral intake during this time. Her blood pressure is 107/58 mmHg, pulse is 127/min, respirations are 15/min, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Physical exam is notable for left lower quadrant abdominal pain upon palpation. A urine pregnancy test is positive, and a serum beta-hCG is 1,110 mIU/mL. A transvaginal ultrasound demonstrates no free fluid and is unable to identify an intrauterine pregnancy. The patient states that she intends to have children in the future. Which of the following is the best next step in management?

A 37-year-old woman presents to the clinic to discuss various options for contraception. The patient has a past medical history of hypertension, Wilson's disease, and constipation-dominant irritable bowel syndrome. The patient takes rivaroxaban and polyethylene glycol. The blood pressure is 152/98 mm Hg. On physical examination, the patient appears alert and oriented. The heart auscultation demonstrates regular rate and rhythm, and it is absent of murmurs. The lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally without wheezing. The first day of the last menstrual period was 12 days ago. The urine hCG is negative. Given the patient's history and physical examination, which of the following forms of contraception is the most appropriate?

A 25-year-old primigravida woman at 35 weeks estimated gestational age presents with a headache for the past 5 hours. She describes the headache as severe and incapacitating and showing no response to acetaminophen. In the emergency department, her blood pressure is found to be 150/100 mm Hg, pulse is 88/min, respiratory rate is 30/min, and temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F). Her records show that her blood pressure was the same yesterday during her regular antenatal visit. Chest auscultation reveals bilateral crackles along the lung base. Abdominal examination reveals a gravid uterus consistent with a gestational age of 32 weeks and a floating fetus in a cephalic presentation. Pelvic examination is performed which shows a closed firm cervix with no evidence of bleeding or discharge. Moderate pitting edema is noted and neurologic examination shows generalized hyperreflexia. Laboratory findings are significant for the following: Hemoglobin 12.5 g/dL Platelets 185,000/μL Serum creatinine 0.4 mg/dL Spot urine creatinine 110 mg/dL Spot urine protein 360 mg/dL AST 40 IU/L Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?

A G1P0 34-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of difficulty breathing and coughing up blood for 2 days. Past medical history is significant for molar pregnancy 6 months ago. The patient was lost to follow up as she was abruptly laid off and had to stay at a homeless shelter for the past few months. She endorses nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and “feeling hot all the time.” The patient is a past smoker of 1 pack per day for 10 years. Vital signs are within normal limits except for tachycardia. What is the disease process that most likely explains this patient’s symptoms?

A 38-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician concerned about her inability to get pregnant for the past year. She has regular menstrual cycles and has unprotected intercourse with her husband daily. She is an immigrant from Australia and her past medical history is not known. She is currently taking folic acid and multivitamins. The patient's husband has had a sperm count that was determined to be within the normal range twice. She is very concerned about her lack of pregnancy and that she is too old. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management for this patient?