EBV-associated malignancies — MCQs

An 11-year-old boy who recently emigrated from Nigeria is brought to the physician for evaluation of jaw swelling. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. Examination shows a 5-cm solid mass located above the right mandible and significant cervical lymphadenopathy. A biopsy specimen of the mass shows sheets of lymphocytes with interspersed tingible body macrophages. Serology for Epstein-Barr virus is positive. Which of the following chromosomal translocations is most likely present in cells obtained from the tissue mass?

A 28-year-old male with a history of HIV infection is found to have a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of 68 cells per microliter. As a consequence of his HIV infection, this patient is at increased risk of malignancy due to which of the following?

A 37-year old man is being evaluated due to a recent history of fatigue that started 3 weeks ago. The patient presents with a history of HIV, which was first diagnosed 7 years ago. He has been on an antiretroviral regimen and takes it regularly. His CD4+ count is 350 cells/mm3. According to the patient, his partner passed away from a "blood cancer", and he is worried that his fatigue might be connected to a similar pathology. The physician clarifies that there is an increased risk for HIV patients to develop certain kinds of lymphomas. Which one of the conditions below is the patient more likely to develop based on his medical history?

A 63-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because he has been having headaches and hearing loss. In addition, he says that he has been having difficulty opening his jaw to eat and recurrent middle ear infections. Physical exam reveals enlarged neck lymph nodes and a mass in the nasopharynx. Biopsy of the mass reveals undifferentiated squamous epithelial cells. The organism that is most likely associated with this patient's disease is also associated with which of the following disorders?

A pathologist receives a patient sample for analysis. Cells in the sample are first labeled with fluorescent antibodies and then passed across a laser beam in a single file of particles. The light scatter and fluorescent intensity of the particles are plotted on a graph; this information is used to characterize the sample. This laboratory method would be most useful to establish the diagnosis of a patient with which of the following?

A 16-year-old male is brought to the clinic by his mother for the complaints of fever, nonproductive cough, fatigue, lack of appetite, and sore throat for the past 2 months. Several other students at his high school have had similar symptoms. Physical exam shows a whitish membrane in his oropharynx, bilateral enlarged cervical lymphadenopathy, and mild splenomegaly. Which of the following tests is most likely to diagnose his condition?

A research lab is investigating the rate of replication of a variety of human cells in order to better understand cancer metastasis. A particular cell line of interest is marked with a high concern for malignant potential due to its chromatin structure characteristics. Which of the following is most closely associated with an increased potential for malignancy?

A 19-year-old woman presents to the family medical center with a 2-week history of a sore throat. She says that she has felt increasingly tired during the day and has a difficult time staying awake during her classes at the university. She appears well-nourished with a low energy level. Her vital signs include the following: the heart rate is 82/min, the respiratory rate is 14/min, the temperature is 37.8°C (100.0°F), and the blood pressure is 112/82 mm Hg. Inspection of the pharynx is depicted in the picture. Palpation of the neck reveals posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. The membrane does not bleed upon scraping. What is the most specific finding for detecting the syndrome described in the vignette?

A 20-year-old man presents to the emergency department with complaints of severe malaise, fevers, and sore throat for the past 7 days. He also has had episodes of nausea and vomiting during this period. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. There is no family history of liver disease. His blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, temperature is 38.3℃ (100.9℉), pulse is 102/min, and respiratory rate is 20/min. On physical examination, he appears ill with bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. His tonsils are erythematous and enlarged. There is no jaundice and he is mildly dehydrated. Abdominal examination demonstrates splenomegaly. The laboratory findings are shown below: Hemoglobin 15 g/dL Platelet count 95,000/mm³ Leukocytes 13,500/mm³ Neutrophils 50% Atypical lymphocytes 34% AST 232 U/L ALT 312 U/L ALP 120 U/L GGT 35 U/L Total bilirubin 1.2 mg/dL Direct bilirubin 0.2 mg/dL PT 12 seconds The serologic test for hepatitis A, B, and C, CMV, and leptospirosis are negative. Serology for both serum IgM and IgG antibodies for EBV capsid antigen are positive, but the heterophile antibody test is negative. What is the most likely reason for the negative heterophile test?

A 41-year-old male with a history of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is found to have multiple ring-enhancing lesions on brain CT. Which of the following is most likely responsible for this patient's abnormal scan?