Minimally Invasive Surgery — MCQs

Minimally Invasive Surgery Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 51: Endoscope is sterilized by:

A. Glutaraldehyde (Correct Answer)
B. Formalin
C. Autoclaving
D. Boiling

Explanation: **Glutaraldehyde** - **Glutaraldehyde** is a high-level disinfectant used for sterilizing heat-sensitive instruments like endoscopes, as it effectively kills bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores without damaging the instruments. - Endoscopes cannot withstand the high temperatures of autoclaving, making chemical disinfection with agents like **glutaraldehyde** the preferred method. *Formalin* - **Formalin** (formaldehyde solution) is a strong disinfectant and sterilant, but it is highly toxic, irritating, and has a strong pungent odor, making it less suitable for routine clinical sterilization of endoscopes compared to glutaraldehyde. - While effective, its safety profile and handling difficulties mean it is not the primary choice for endoscope reprocessing in most healthcare settings. *Autoclaving* - **Autoclaving** uses high-pressure steam and high temperatures to sterilize instruments, which would damage the delicate optical fibers, electronics, and heat-sensitive plastics of endoscopes. - For this reason, endoscopes are considered **heat-labile** and cannot be sterilized using an autoclave. *Boiling* - **Boiling** is a low-level disinfection method that is insufficient to achieve sterilization as it does not kill bacterial spores and some viruses. - While it can disinfect some instruments, it is inadequate for complex medical devices like endoscopes that require high-level disinfection or sterilization.

Question 52: Which is the most frequently used gas for laparoscopy?

A. Carbon Dioxide (Correct Answer)
B. Helium
C. Nitrogen
D. Oxygen

Explanation: ***Correct: Carbon Dioxide*** - **Carbon dioxide (CO2)** is the most commonly used gas for creating **pneumoperitoneum** in laparoscopy due to its high solubility in blood and rapid elimination through the respiratory system. - Its rapid absorption minimizes the risk of **gas emboli**, and its lower cost makes it a practical choice. *Incorrect: Helium* - While helium can be used, it is generally reserved for patients who cannot tolerate **CO2 insufflation**, such as those with severe **hypercapnia** or acidosis. - Helium is less soluble in blood, increasing the risk of **gas embolism**, and is also more expensive. *Incorrect: Nitrogen* - **Nitrogen** is generally avoided in laparoscopic procedures because of its low solubility in blood, which poses a significant risk of **gas embolism**. - Its slow absorption from the peritoneal cavity can prolong recovery and is less desirable than CO2. *Incorrect: Oxygen* - **Oxygen** is not used for creating **pneumoperitoneum** because it supports combustion and would increase the risk of fire during surgical procedures involving electrocautery or lasers. - Additionally, like nitrogen, its solubility and physiological effects are not ideal for laparoscopic insufflation.

Practice by Chapter

Laparoscopic Equipment and Instrumentation

Practice Questions

Physiological Changes in Laparoscopy

Practice Questions

Laparoscopic Access Techniques

Practice Questions

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Practice Questions

Laparoscopic Appendectomy

Practice Questions

Laparoscopic Hernia Repair

Practice Questions

Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery

Practice Questions

Laparoscopic Upper GI Surgery

Practice Questions

Robotic Surgery

Practice Questions

Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery

Practice Questions

NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery)

Practice Questions

Complications of Minimally Invasive Surgery

Practice Questions

Want unlimited practice?

Get full access to all questions, explanations, and performance tracking.

Start For Free