Ethical and Legal Considerations — MCQs

Randomization is done to reduce?

In the context of civil negligence against a doctor, who bears the burden of proof?

A GSP4 woman comes for routine sonography for the first time. She has four daughters and expresses a desire for a boy this time, asking for sex determination. To abide by ethical guidelines, what should you do?

Miscarriage due to medical negligence is seen under which IPC?

In the context of Indian regulations, what is the minimum number of Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) cases a doctor must have performed to be eligible to perform an MTP?

A research team develops an AI algorithm using 100,000 CT scans from multiple institutions. The algorithm shows excellent performance (AUC 0.96) but requires extensive computational resources. To deploy it in resource-limited settings, they propose model compression techniques. Evaluate the potential trade-offs and propose the most balanced approach.

A radiology department is evaluating two AI algorithms for fracture detection. Algorithm A has AUC-ROC of 0.95, while Algorithm B has AUC-ROC of 0.92 but provides explainable results showing which image regions influenced its decision. Considering clinical implementation and medicolegal aspects, which statement best evaluates the choice?

A hospital implements an AI algorithm for detecting intracranial hemorrhage on CT scans. The algorithm was trained on data from a different population with different CT scanner protocols. The algorithm shows decreased performance. Which concept explains this phenomenon?

A 55-year-old male presents with chronic cough. A chest X-ray is analyzed by an AI algorithm that reports a 4mm lung nodule in the right upper lobe with 85% confidence. The human radiologist reviews the image but cannot identify the nodule. What is the most appropriate next step?

How does a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) work in the context of medical image synthesis?