Which of the following is primarily considered a legal/criminal matter rather than a psychiatric disorder?
Q182
Which of the following is considered a mature defense mechanism?
Q183
Which of the following is not a Cluster A personality disorder?
Q184
A 25-year-old medical student who failed his exam tells his friends, "I didn't want to pass anyway. The exam was poorly designed and doesn't test real clinical knowledge." This is an example of which defense mechanism?
Personality Disorders Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 181: Which of the following is primarily considered a legal/criminal matter rather than a psychiatric disorder?
A. Peeping Tom
B. Fetishism
C. Incest (Correct Answer)
D. Lust murder
Explanation: ***Incest***
- **Incest** is primarily a **legal and criminal offense** due to the violation of societal norms, ethical boundaries, and often, the exploitation of power dynamics within a family, regardless of consent.
- While psychological factors may contribute to its occurrence, its core definition and consequences are rooted in **legal prohibitions** against sexual relations between closely related individuals.
*Lust murder*
- **Lust murder** involves sexual pathology and extreme violence, suggesting underlying severe **psychiatric disorders** such as paraphilic disorders coupled with antisocial traits.
- While a serious crime, the motivations and behaviors often stem from disturbed psychological states, making it a subject of extensive psychiatric evaluation.
*Fetishism*
- **Fetishism** is a recognized **paraphilic disorder** in the DSM-5, characterized by recurrent, intense sexual arousal from non-genital body parts or inanimate objects.
- While it can be distressing or lead to impairment, it is defined as a psychiatric condition rather than a criminal act itself, unless it involves non-consenting individuals or illegal activities.
*Peeping Tom*
- The act of a "Peeping Tom," or **voyeurism**, is classified as a **paraphilic disorder** in psychiatry, characterized by recurrent sexual arousal from observing unsuspecting naked people or people engaging in sexual activity.
- While it is also a crime (invasion of privacy), its underlying motivation is a specific sexual deviance, placing it within the realm of psychiatric diagnoses.
Question 182: Which of the following is considered a mature defense mechanism?
A. Sublimation (Correct Answer)
B. Denial
C. Projection
D. Distortion
Explanation: ***Sublimation (Correct Answer)***
- **Sublimation** is a **mature defense mechanism** where unacceptable urges or feelings are channeled into socially acceptable and productive behaviors
- Example: An individual with aggressive impulses becomes a successful surgeon or athlete
- This is considered the most adaptive defense mechanism as it converts negative impulses into positive outcomes
*Denial (Incorrect)*
- Denial is an **immature/primitive defense mechanism** where an individual refuses to acknowledge painful or anxiety-provoking reality
- Involves blocking external events from awareness
- Maladaptive as it prevents appropriate coping with reality
*Projection (Incorrect)*
- Projection is an **immature defense mechanism** where individuals attribute their own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others
- Allows avoidance of confronting one's own undesirable traits
- Example: A person who is dishonest accuses others of lying
*Distortion (Incorrect)*
- Distortion is a **psychotic/immature defense mechanism** where external reality is grossly reshaped to suit inner needs
- Involves fantasy and delusional rationalizations
- Represents a significant break from reality
Question 183: Which of the following is not a Cluster A personality disorder?
A. schizoid
B. schizotypal
C. paranoid
D. anankastic (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Anankastic***
- **Anankastic personality disorder**, also known as **obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)**, is classified under **Cluster C** personality disorders.
- Cluster C disorders are characterized by anxious, fearful thinking or behavior, which differentiates them from the odd or eccentric behaviors of Cluster A.
*Schizoid*
- **Schizoid personality disorder** is a **Cluster A** personality disorder, characterized by a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings.
- Individuals with schizoid personality disorder typically show no desire for close relationships, including those with family members.
*Schizotypal*
- **Schizotypal personality disorder** is a **Cluster A** personality disorder, characterized by pervasive patterns of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships, as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior.
- These individuals may have odd beliefs or magical thinking that is inconsistent with cultural norms.
*Paranoid*
- **Paranoid personality disorder** is a **Cluster A** personality disorder, characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent.
- Individuals with this disorder often believe that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them, even without sufficient basis.
Question 184: A 25-year-old medical student who failed his exam tells his friends, "I didn't want to pass anyway. The exam was poorly designed and doesn't test real clinical knowledge." This is an example of which defense mechanism?
A. Denial
B. Projection
C. Displacement
D. Rationalization (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Rationalization***
- **Rationalization** involves constructing a logical justification for actions or attitudes that otherwise would be unacceptable, thereby avoiding feelings of guilt or shame.
- The man in the scenario uses logical reasons to explain his actions, preventing him from feeling guilty about them.
*Denial*
- **Denial** is a defense mechanism where a person refuses to accept or acknowledge a reality or facts of a situation, usually a painful or threatening one.
- In this case, the man is not denying his actions but rather finding reasons to excuse them.
*Projection*
- **Projection** is when an individual attributes their own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or qualities to another person.
- The man is creating excuses for his own behavior, not attributing his feelings or actions to someone else.
*Displacement*
- **Displacement** involves redirecting unacceptable urges or feelings from their original target to a less threatening one.
- The man is not shifting his emotions to a different object or person; instead, he is justifying his own actions.
