Question 1: Which of the following induces apoptosis in a cell?
- A. Glucocorticoids (Correct Answer)
- B. Isoprenoids
- C. Myristic acid
- D. Oleic acid
Explanation: ***Glucocorticoids***
- **Glucocorticoids** are known to induce apoptosis in various cell types, particularly lymphocytes, making them useful in **lymphoid malignancies**.
- They activate a complex signaling pathway that leads to the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins and the suppression of anti-apoptotic proteins, ultimately resulting in **programmed cell death**.
*Isoprenoids*
- **Isoprenoids** are a large class of organic compounds derived from isoprene, involved in various metabolic processes like cholesterol synthesis and protein prenylation, but do not directly induce apoptosis.
- While some isoprenoid precursors or inhibitors of isoprenoid synthesis can affect cell proliferation or survival, isoprenoids themselves are not primary apoptosis inducers.
*Myristic acid*
- **Myristic acid** is a saturated fatty acid primarily involved in protein myristoylation, a post-translational modification essential for various cellular functions.
- It is not known to be a direct inducer of apoptosis but can influence signaling pathways that may indirectly impact cell survival or death.
*Oleic acid*
- **Oleic acid** is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is a major component of cell membranes and is involved in energy storage and signaling.
- It is generally considered cytoprotective and can even inhibit apoptosis in some contexts, rather than inducing it.