Acid-Base Regulation by the Kidneys Practice Questions

Question 1

Use the following laboratory values to find the best option that describes the acid-base disorder: Plasma pH = 7.12, Plasma PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Plasma HCO3- = 19 mEq/L

Accepted Answer

Combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation

Answer

Combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

Answer

Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation

Question 2

Hyperaldosteronism is associated with all, except:

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Answer

Hypernatremia

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Hypokalemia

Question 3

A patient in renal failure exhibits metabolic acidosis. What compensatory mechanism is most likely activated?

Accepted Answer

Hyperventilation

Answer

Hypoventilation

Answer

Increased renal HCO3- reabsorption

Answer

Increased K+ excretion

Question 4

Calcitriol is formed in:

Accepted Answer

PCT

Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Bowman's capsule

Answer

DCT

Question 5

What is the physiological response of the kidney during shock?

Accepted Answer

Renal blood flow decreases

Answer

GFR decreases

Answer

Perfusion of kidney decreases

Answer

Afferent arteriole resistance increases

Question 6

Which of the following statements about gluconeogenesis is true?

Accepted Answer

Uses ATP

Answer

Occurs only in liver

Answer

Activated by insulin

Answer

Uses only lactate as a substrate

Question 7

Which of the following increases uric acid excretion?

Accepted Answer

Probenecid

Answer

Allopurinol

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Colchicine

Question 8

In a normally functioning kidney, which part of the nephron has the lowest permeability to water during antidiuresis?

Accepted Answer

Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle

Answer

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Answer

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Answer

Collecting Duct

Question 9

Which one of the following statements concerning gluconeogenesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is important in maintaining blood glucose during the normal overnight fast.

Answer

It occurs primarily in the liver.

Answer

It is stimulated by elevated levels of acetyl CoA.

Answer

It is primarily inhibited by insulin.

Question 10

Which of the following is the primary mechanism that drives sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

Active sodium transport via the Na+-K+-ATPase pump at the basolateral membrane.

Answer

Sodium reabsorption through cotransport with amino acids at the luminal membrane.

Answer

Sodium reabsorption through cotransport with glucose at the luminal membrane.

Answer

Sodium reabsorption through countertransport with hydrogen ions at the luminal membrane.

Acid-Base Regulation by the Kidneys — MCQs

Acid-Base Regulation by the Kidneys — MCQs

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