Question 1

Q: Decreased basal metabolic rate is seen in:

Hypothyroidism. ***Hypothyroidism*** - **Thyroid hormones** (T3 and T4) are the primary regulators of basal metabolic rate (BMR) - **Hypothyroidism** results in decreased production of thyroid hormones, leading to a **significant reduction in BMR** - Clinical manifestations include **weight gain, fatigue, cold intolerance, bradycardia**, and decreased oxygen consumption - This is the **classic pathological condition** associated with decreased BMR in physiology *Sedentary lifestyle leading to muscle mass loss* - While muscle loss does reduce BMR (as muscle is more metabolically active than fat), this is a **chronic lifestyle effect** rather than a primary physiological condition - The decrease in BMR is **gradual and less pronounced** compared to hypothyroidism - Not the primary answer for decreased BMR in medical examinations *Aging process* - Aging does lead to decreased BMR due to **loss of lean muscle mass** and hormonal changes - However, this is a **physiological process** rather than a pathological condition - The decrease is **gradual over decades** and less clinically significant than hypothyroidism *Postprandial state* - The postprandial state (after eating) causes an **increase in metabolic rate** due to the **thermic effect of food (TEF)** - Energy is required for digestion, absorption, and storage of nutrients - This represents a **temporary increase**, not a decrease, in metabolic rate

Question

Decreased basal metabolic rate is seen in:

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Postprandial state

Answer

Sedentary lifestyle leading to muscle mass loss

Answer

Aging process

General Physiology — MCQs

General Physiology — MCQs

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