Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics — MCQs

Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 81: The developmental implication of a child uncovering toys after seeing them hidden is:

A. Symbolic thought
B. Beginning of labelling
C. Object permanence (Correct Answer)
D. Self-discovery

Explanation: ***Object permanence*** - This behavior demonstrates that the child understands an object still exists even when it cannot be seen. - This cognitive milestone typically develops during the **sensorimotor stage** of cognitive development, as described by Piaget. *Symbolic thought* - **Symbolic thought** involves the ability to use one object or idea to represent another, such as using a banana as a telephone. - While an important developmental step, it is a more advanced cognitive skill than simply knowing a hidden object still exists. *Beginning of labelling* - **Labelling** refers to associating words with objects, which is an aspect of language development. - While related to cognitive understanding, it does not directly explain the child's ability to find a hidden object. *Self-discovery* - **Self-discovery** relates to developing an understanding of one's own identity, abilities, and emotions. - This concept is distinct from the cognitive ability to understand the continued existence of external objects.

Question 82: At what age does a child typically know their full name?

A. 15 months
B. 24 months
C. 36 months (Correct Answer)
D. 48 months

Explanation: ***36 months*** - By **36 months old** (3 years), most children can clearly state their **full name** (first and last name) when asked. - This milestone indicates developing **self-awareness** and **language skills**. - This is a standard developmental milestone tested in CDC and AAP guidelines. *15 months* - At **15 months**, children typically know their **first name** and respond to it, but cannot state their full name. - Their language at this age often includes only a few single words with primarily receptive understanding. *24 months* - By **24 months** (2 years), children often use two-to-four-word sentences and can identify familiar objects and people. - While they know their first name and may start recognizing it, they usually cannot articulate their full name yet. *48 months* - At **48 months** (4 years), a child's language skills are much more advanced, and they can typically tell stories and engage in complex conversations. - Knowing their full name is an expected milestone that should have been achieved earlier, typically by 36 months.

Question 83: A 5-year-old child is assessed to have a developmental age of one year. What is his developmental quotient?

A. 100
B. 80
C. 60
D. 20 (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***20*** - The **developmental quotient (DQ)** is calculated as (developmental age ÷ chronological age) × 100. In this case, (1 year ÷ 5 years) × 100 = 20. - A DQ of 20 indicates a significant **developmental delay**, as the child's developmental age is much lower than their chronological age. *100* - A developmental quotient of 100 would mean the child's **developmental age is equal to their chronological age**, indicating typical development. - In this scenario, it would imply a 5-year-old child having a developmental age of 5 years, which is not the case. *80* - A developmental quotient of 80 would mean the child's developmental age is 80% of their chronological age, or (4 years ÷ 5 years) × 100. - This would still indicate some developmental delay, but not as severe as observed, as the child's developmental age is only 1 year. *60* - A developmental quotient of 60 would mean the child's developmental age is 60% of their chronological age, or (3 years ÷ 5 years) × 100. - While indicating a delay, it is not consistent with a 1-year developmental age for a 5-year-old child.

Practice by Chapter

Normal Development and Variations

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Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability

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Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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Learning Disabilities

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Language and Speech Disorders

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Motor Disorders

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Behavioral Problems in Young Children

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Sleep Disorders

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Mood and Anxiety Disorders

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Psychosomatic Disorders

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Developmental Surveillance and Screening

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