Vascular Pathology — MCQs

Vascular Pathology Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 311: Monckeberg's calcific sclerosis primarily affects which layer of the medium-sized muscular arteries?

A. Intima
B. Media (Correct Answer)
C. Adventitia
D. Intima and Media

Explanation: ***Media*** - Monckeberg's calcific sclerosis, also known as **medial calcinosis**, specifically involves the **tunica media** of medium-sized muscular arteries. - This condition is characterized by **calcific deposits** within the smooth muscle layer of the artery wall, without significant luminal narrowing. - Classic "**tram-track**" or "railroad track" appearance on imaging due to medial calcification. *Intima* - The **intima** is primarily affected in **atherosclerosis**, where plaque formation occurs within this innermost layer. - Monckeberg's sclerosis is distinct from atherosclerosis and does not involve significant intimal thickening or lipid deposition. *Adventitia* - The **adventitia** is the outermost layer of the arterial wall, providing structural support and containing nerves and vasa vasorum. - Monckeberg's calcification does not typically involve this layer. *Intima and Media* - While Monckeberg's sclerosis **exclusively affects the media**, this option incorrectly suggests intimal involvement. - The pathognomonic feature of Monckeberg's is its **restriction to the medial layer**, distinguishing it from atherosclerosis.

Question 312: Which type of blood vessel is most commonly affected in hypersensitivity vasculitis?

A. Postcapillary venules (Correct Answer)
B. Arterioles
C. Veins
D. Capillaries

Explanation: ***Postcapillary venules*** - Hypersensitivity vasculitis primarily affects **postcapillary venules**, leading to immune complex deposition and subsequent inflammation [1]. - This type of vasculitis results in **nonspecific inflammation**, commonly seen in conditions like **drug reactions** and **infections**. - The immune complex vasculitis typically involves **small vessels such as the vascular plexus of the skin**, which features neutrophilic infiltration [2]. *Veins* - While veins can be involved in various vascular diseases, they are not specifically characteristic of **hypersensitivity vasculitis**. - This type of vasculitis is more centered around **smaller vessels**, particularly venules, rather than the larger venous systems. *Capillaries* - Capillaries are involved in many vascular conditions, but hypersensitivity vasculitis particularly correlates with **venular structures**. - The immune response seen in hypersensitivity vasculitis is more pronounced in **postcapillary venules**, leading to specific symptoms. *Aerioles* - "Aerioles" may refer to arterioles, which are primarily associated with **hypertensive and ischemic events** rather than vasculitis. - Hypersensitivity vasculitis is primarily due to **post-capillary venule** inflammation rather than changes in arterioles. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, pp. 514-515. [2] Cross SS. Underwood's Pathology: A Clinical Approach. 6th ed. Common Clinical Problems From Cardiovascular Disease, pp. 278-279.

Practice by Chapter

Atherosclerosis

Practice Questions

Hypertensive Vascular Disease

Practice Questions

Aneurysms and Dissection

Practice Questions

Vasculitis

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Venous Disease and Thrombosis

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Vascular Tumors

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Varicose Veins and Lymphatics

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Pathology of Vascular Interventions

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Vascular Diseases in Specific Organs

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Congenital Vascular Anomalies

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