Vascular Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for atherosclerotic plaque formation?

Alpha 2-macroglobulin. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the arterial wall to endothelial injury [1]. Understanding the biochemical mediators that promote or inhibit this process is crucial for NEET-PG. **Why Alpha 2-macroglobulin is the correct answer:** Alpha 2-macroglobulin (α2-M) is a large plasma glycoprotein that acts primarily as a **protease inhibitor**. In the context of vascular pathology, it is generally considered **protective** rather than predisposing. It helps regulate the degradation of the extracellular matrix and inhibits various inflammatory cytokines. Unlike pro-atherogenic factors, it does not promote lipid deposition or endothelial dysfunction. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficiency:** ApoE is essential for the clearance of chylomicrons and VLDL remnants by the liver. Deficiency leads to severe hypercholesterolemia and premature atherosclerosis [1]. In research, "ApoE knockout mice" are the standard model used to study atherosclerotic plaque formation [1]. * **Oxidized LDL:** This is the "hallmark" of atherogenesis. When LDL enters the subendothelial space, it becomes oxidized. Oxidized LDL is chemotactic for monocytes, inhibits macrophage mobility (trapping them in the wall), and is readily taken up by **Scavenger Receptors (SR-A/CD36)** to form **foam cells**. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Most common site:** Abdominal aorta > Coronary arteries > Popliteal arteries > Internal carotid. * **Key Cell Types:** The **Smooth Muscle Cell (SMC)** is responsible for synthesizing the collagen that forms the fibrous cap, stabilizing the plaque [1]. * **Protective Factor:** High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) promotes "reverse cholesterol transport," moving cholesterol from the periphery back to the liver [1]. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, pp. 499-504.

Question 1

Endothelial cells are characterized by the presence of which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

Weibel-Palade bodies

Answer

Gamna-gandy bodies

Answer

Both Weibel-Palade bodies and Gamna-gandy bodies

Answer

Neither Weibel-Palade bodies nor Gamna-gandy bodies

Question 2

Hemorrhagic infarction is seen in all except:

Accepted Answer

Septicemia

Answer

Venous thrombosis

Answer

Thrombosis

Answer

Embolism

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for atherosclerotic plaque formation?

Accepted Answer

Alpha 2-macroglobulin

Answer

Apolipoprotein E deficiency

Answer

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Answer

All of the above

Question 4

Which is the most accepted theory of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Reaction to endothelial injury

Answer

Lipid infiltration of intima

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Hyperlipidemia

Question 5

Which of the following is associated with Virchow's triad?

Accepted Answer

Hypercoagulability

Answer

Disseminated malignancy

Answer

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Answer

All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following conditions are ANCA positive vasculitis?

Accepted Answer

Churg-Strauss syndrome and Wegener granulomatosis

Answer

Churg-Strauss syndrome

Answer

Polyarteritis nodosa

Answer

Wegener granulomatosis

Question 7

Which of the following malignancies is not associated with Trousseau's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Liposarcoma

Answer

Carcinoma of the pancreas

Answer

Carcinoma of the lung

Answer

Carcinoma of the stomach

Question 8

Syphilitic arterial aneurysms typically involve which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Endarteritis of the vasa vasorum

Answer

Cystic medial sclerosis

Answer

Fatty streaks

Answer

Circumferential calcification

Question 9

Which of the following is a p-ANCA associated vasculitis?

Accepted Answer

Microscopic polyangitis

Answer

Temporal arteritis

Answer

Takayasu arteritis

Answer

Polyarteritis nodosa

Question 10

What is the pathological change seen in malignant hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis

Answer

Cystic medial necrosis

Answer

Benign nephrosclerosis

Answer

Hyaline arteriosclerosis

Vascular Pathology — MCQs

Vascular Pathology — MCQs

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