Vascular Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Both pale and hemorrhagic infarcts are found in which organ?

Brain. **Explanation:** The nature of an infarct (pale vs. hemorrhagic) is primarily determined by the tissue's vascular supply and density. **Why Brain is the Correct Answer:** The brain is unique because it can exhibit both types of infarcts depending on the mechanism of injury. 1. **Pale (Anemic) Infarcts:** These typically occur due to **thrombotic arterial occlusion** [1]. Since the brain tissue is relatively solid (until liquefactive necrosis sets in), the lack of blood flow results in a pale area of necrosis. 2. **Hemorrhagic (Red) Infarcts:** These occur in the brain following **embolic occlusion** [1]. When an embolus lodges and then fragments or undergoes lysis (reperfusion), blood flows into the previously ischemic, necrotic tissue [1]. Because the brain has a loose texture, blood easily extravasates, turning a pale infarct into a hemorrhagic one. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **Liver:** The liver has a **dual blood supply** (Portal vein and Hepatic artery). While this makes it resistant to infarction, when they do occur, they are typically **hemorrhagic**. * **Heart:** The heart is a solid organ with end-arterial circulation. Myocardial infarctions are almost exclusively **pale**. * **Kidney:** Like the heart, the kidney is a solid organ with a single arterial supply. Renal infarcts are the classic example of **pale, wedge-shaped infarcts**. **High-Yield NEET-PG Pearls:** * **Pale Infarcts:** Occur in solid organs with single venous drainage (Heart, Spleen, Kidney). * **Hemorrhagic Infarcts:** Occur in tissues with dual circulation (Lung, Liver), loose tissues (Bowel, Testis), or following reperfusion [1]. * **Liquefactive Necrosis:** The brain is the only organ where ischemic injury leads to liquefactive necrosis rather than coagulative necrosis [1]. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Central Nervous System, pp. 1266-1269.

Question 1

What are the common pathological changes seen in the kidney in benign hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline arteriosclerosis

Answer

Fibronoid necrosis

Answer

Microaneurysm

Answer

Thinning of walls

Question 2

Ascending aorta involvement is the commonest site of which type of aneurysm?

Accepted Answer

Syphilitic

Answer

Atherosclerotic

Answer

Mycotic

Answer

None of the above

Question 3

In benign hypertension, what is the commonest vascular pathology?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline arteriosclerosis

Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Fatty infiltration of intima

Answer

Fibrinoid necrosis

Question 4

A study is conducted involving persons with LDL cholesterol levels above 160 mg/dL. These individuals have increased oxidized LDL deposited in their arteries, leading to decreased arterial lumen size, particularly at branch points. Which of the following is the most likely initial pathologic change in these areas of arterial narrowing?

Accepted Answer

Intimal thickening

Answer

Endothelial cell disruption

Answer

Lymphocytic infiltrates

Answer

Platelet aggregation

Question 5

Hyperplastic arteriolitis with necrotizing arteriolitis is seen in?

Accepted Answer

Malignant hypertension

Answer

Buerger's disease

Answer

Benign hypertension

Answer

Diabetes

Question 6

Both pale and hemorrhagic infarcts are found in which organ?

Accepted Answer

Brain

Answer

Liver

Answer

Heart

Answer

Kidney

Question 7

Which of the following cells does not participate in atherogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Platelet

Answer

Monocyte

Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 8

Most arterial emboli originate from which one of the following sites?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium

Answer

Cardiac valve

Answer

Left ventricle

Answer

Thoracic aorta

Question 9

Digital gangrene is most likely seen in which condition?

Accepted Answer

Polyarteritis nodosa

Answer

Takayasu arteritis

Answer

Kawasaki disease

Answer

Wegener's granulomatosis

Question 10

Caisson's disease is a type of:

Accepted Answer

Gas embolism

Answer

Fat embolism

Answer

Amniotic fluid embolism

Answer

Tumor embolism

Vascular Pathology — MCQs

Vascular Pathology — MCQs

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