Respiratory Pathology Practice Questions

Q: What is seen in pulmonary hemosiderosis?

All of the above. **Explanation:** **Pulmonary Hemosiderosis** refers to the accumulation of iron (hemosiderin) in the lungs, typically following recurrent episodes of intra-alveolar hemorrhage. This condition is most commonly seen in **Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis (IPH)** or secondary to chronic passive congestion (e.g., Mitral Stenosis). **Why 'All of the Above' is Correct:** 1. **Hyperplasia of Type II Pneumocytes:** Recurrent alveolar hemorrhage causes chronic injury to the alveolar-capillary basement membrane. In response to this chronic epithelial damage, Type II pneumocytes undergo reactive hyperplasia as they attempt to repair the alveolar lining. 2. **Hypoxemia:** The presence of blood in the alveoli and subsequent interstitial fibrosis (due to chronic inflammation from iron deposits) impairs gas exchange. This leads to a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch and a diffusion defect, resulting in low arterial oxygen levels (Hypoxemia). 3. **Hypercarbia:** As the disease progresses toward restrictive lung disease and interstitial fibrosis, the work of breathing increases and alveolar ventilation decreases, eventually leading to CO2 retention (Hypercarbia). **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Prussian Blue Stain:** This is the gold standard to visualize "Heart Failure Cells" (hemosiderin-laden macrophages) in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). * **Triad of IPH:** Iron deficiency anemia, hemoptysis, and transient pulmonary infiltrates on X-ray. * **Cephalization:** In secondary hemosiderosis due to mitral stenosis, look for "Antler sign" or prominent upper lobe vessels on chest radiography. * **Diffusing Capacity (DLCO):** Interestingly, during an *acute* episode of hemorrhage, DLCO may be **increased** because hemoglobin in the alveoli binds to the carbon monoxide used in the test.

Question 1

Which of the following is true about the morphology of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Irreversible changes

Answer

Charcot-Leyden crystals

Answer

Involvement of larger airways

Answer

Intermittent asthma is better responsive to bronchodilator therapy

Question 2

Which of the following statements about lung metastasis is true?

Accepted Answer

Bilateral and multiple

Answer

Associated with cough with sputum production

Answer

Normal chest X-ray

Answer

Single lesion

Question 3

Pathologically, emphysema involves structures beyond which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Terminal bronchiole

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Respiratory bronchiole

Answer

Alveolar sac

Question 4

Complications of lobar pneumonia do not include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Amyloidosis

Answer

Lung abscess

Answer

Suppurative arthritis

Answer

Infective endocarditis

Question 5

Which of the following is true about pulmonary sarcoidosis?

Accepted Answer

Non-caseating granulomas are present.

Answer

Schaumann and asteroid bodies are pathognomic findings.

Answer

CD4/CD8 ratio is less than 2.5 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).

Answer

None of the above.

Question 6

What is seen in pulmonary hemosiderosis?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Hypoxemia

Answer

Hypercarbia

Answer

Hyperplasia of type II Pneumocytes

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true regarding mesothelioma?

Accepted Answer

It is bilaterally symmetrical

Answer

It is associated with asbestos exposure

Answer

Histopathology typically shows a biphasic pattern

Answer

It occurs in late middle age

Question 8

An 8-year-old girl is brought into the physician's office in mild respiratory distress. She has a history of allergies to cats and wool, and her parents state that she has recurrent episodes of upper respiratory tract infections. Physical examination shows expiratory wheezes, use of accessory respiratory muscles, and a hyperresonant chest to percussion. Analysis of arterial blood gases discloses respiratory alkalosis, and the peripheral eosinophil count is increased. What is the appropriate diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Acute bronchiolitis

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Kartagener syndrome

Question 9

Which of the following statements about small cell carcinoma of the lung is true?

Accepted Answer

Chemosensitive tumor

Answer

Peripheral in location

Answer

Bone metastasis is uncommon

Answer

Paraneoplastic syndrome with ectopic PTH production is common

Question 10

Clara cells are seen in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma

Answer

Small cell carcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Non-small cell carcinoma

Respiratory Pathology — MCQs

Respiratory Pathology — MCQs

On this page

Practice by Chapter

Want unlimited practice?