Respiratory Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Rasmussen's aneurysm is defined as:

A dilated vessel in a tubercular lung cavity. **Explanation:** **Rasmussen’s aneurysm** is a clinical phenomenon associated with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. It refers to the inflammatory degradation and subsequent weakening of the wall of a **pulmonary artery branch** situated within or adjacent to a tuberculous cavity. As the cavity enlarges, the arterial wall loses its structural support and undergoes aneurysmal dilation. The rupture of this aneurysm is a classic cause of massive, life-threatening hemoptysis in patients with cavitary TB. **Analysis of Options:** * **Option A (Correct):** It accurately describes the pathology where chronic inflammation from a TB cavity leads to the weakening of a pulmonary vessel wall. * **Option B (Incorrect):** Dilation of the aortic root in valvular stenosis (specifically aortic stenosis) is known as **post-stenotic dilatation**, caused by turbulent blood flow. * **Option C (Incorrect):** Aortic dilation in syphilis is termed **Syphilitic (Luetic) Aortitis**, typically involving the ascending aorta and characterized by "tree-barking" of the intima due to endarteritis obliterans of the vasa vasorum. * **Option D (Incorrect):** Dilated renal vessels in hypertension are not specifically named Rasmussen’s; hypertensive renal disease is more commonly associated with hyaline or hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Location:** Most commonly occurs in the branches of the pulmonary artery. * **Clinical Presentation:** Sudden, massive hemoptysis (often >300-600 ml in 24 hours). * **Radiology:** Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) is the gold standard for diagnosis. * **Management:** Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is often the first-line intervention, though Rasmussen’s specifically involves the pulmonary circulation.

Q: What is true regarding adenocarcinoma of the lung?

Typically has a peripheral location.. **Explanation:** **Adenocarcinoma** is currently the most common histological subtype of lung cancer worldwide. 1. **Why Option D is Correct:** Adenocarcinoma typically arises from the distal airways and alveolar epithelium [1]. Therefore, it is characteristically located in the **periphery** of the lung [1]. This contrasts with Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Small Cell Carcinoma, which are typically central (hilar) in location [1]. 2. **Why Other Options are Incorrect:** * **Option A:** While it is the most common subtype, it accounts for approximately **38–40%** of lung cancers, not 50%. * **Option B:** Adenocarcinoma is actually the **most common** histological variant found in **young patients** (<45 years), non-smokers, and women. * **Option C:** There is no established association between lung adenocarcinoma and subcutaneous angiomyolipoma. Angiomyolipomas are classically associated with Tuberous Sclerosis, which is linked to *Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)* in the lung, not adenocarcinoma. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Driver Mutations:** Frequently associated with **EGFR** (common in non-smokers/Asian women), **KRAS** (common in smokers), and **ALK** rearrangements [1]. * **Precursor Lesion:** Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia (AAH) → Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS, formerly Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma) → Invasive Adenocarcinoma [1]. * **Morphology:** Shows gland formation or mucin production (detected by PAS or Mucicarmine stains). * **IHC Markers:** Positive for **TTF-1** and **Napsin A**. * **Clinical Sign:** Often presents as a peripheral nodule/coin lesion on imaging and may be associated with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (clubbing). **References:** [1] Cross SS. Underwood's Pathology: A Clinical Approach. 6th ed. Common Clinical Problems From Respiratory Tract Disease, pp. 335-337.

Question 1

A patient presents with a severe form of atopic asthma. Which of the following changes would most likely be found in this patient's blood?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophilic leukocytosis

Answer

Basophilic leukocytosis

Answer

Lymphocytosis

Answer

Monocytosis

Question 2

What is the primary malignancy of the pleura?

Accepted Answer

Mesothelioma

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Lipoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 3

A scar in lung tissue may transform into which type of malignancy?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Columnar cell carcinoma

Answer

Oat cell carcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 4

What is the characteristic pathological feature of pneumococcal pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Consolidation of alveoli

Answer

Interstitial pneumonitis

Answer

Increased eosinophils

Answer

Hilar lymphadenopathy

Question 5

Which type of lung tumour responds best to radiotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Small cell carcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

All lung tumours respond equally well to radiotherapy

Question 6

What is true about lung carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

None of the above.

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common carcinoma.

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma causes myopathy.

Answer

Small cell carcinoma has the best prognosis.

Question 7

Ghons complex refers to:

Accepted Answer

Parenchymal lesion along with inflamed lymph nodes

Answer

Healed parenchymal lesions

Answer

Necrotic lymph nodes

Answer

Complication in enlarged hilar lymph nodes

Question 8

Rasmussen's aneurysm is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A dilated vessel in a tubercular lung cavity

Answer

A dilation of the root of the aorta in valvular stenosis

Answer

A dilation of the aorta in syphilitic affection

Answer

A dilated renal vessel in hypertensive renal disease

Question 9

What is true regarding adenocarcinoma of the lung?

Accepted Answer

Typically has a peripheral location.

Answer

Causes 50% of lung cancers.

Answer

Is an unlikely histological variant in young patients.

Answer

Is associated with subcutaneous angiomyolipoma.

Question 10

Which of the following is associated with carcinoma of the lung?

Accepted Answer

Asbestos

Answer

Chromium

Answer

Beryllium

Answer

Nickel

Respiratory Pathology — MCQs

Respiratory Pathology — MCQs

On this page

Practice by Chapter

Want unlimited practice?