Respiratory Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Ciliocytophthoria is seen in which of the following conditions?

Acute respiratory infection. **Explanation:** **Ciliocytophthoria (CCP)** refers to a specific cytopathological change characterized by the **degeneration and fragmentation of ciliated columnar epithelial cells**. In this process, the apical portion of the cell (containing the cilia and a pyknotic nucleus or nuclear fragment) separates from the basal portion. 1. **Why "Acute Respiratory Infection" is correct:** CCP is most commonly associated with **viral respiratory infections**, particularly those caused by **Adenovirus**, Influenza, and Parainfluenza. The virus induces a cytopathic effect that leads to the tufting and detachment of the ciliated border. Recognizing CCP is clinically significant in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology because it can be mistaken for protozoa (like *Balantidium coli*) or malignant cells, potentially leading to a misdiagnosis. 2. **Why other options are incorrect:** * **Kartagener Syndrome & Situs Inversus:** These are related to **Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD)**, which involves a structural/functional defect in the dynein arms of cilia. While the cilia are dysfunctional, they do not typically undergo the specific fragmentation (CCP) seen in acute viral insults. * **Cystic Fibrosis:** This is a genetic disorder affecting chloride channels (CFTR), leading to thick mucus and secondary chronic infections. While chronic inflammation occurs, CCP is not a hallmark diagnostic feature of this condition. **High-Yield Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Key Association:** Adenovirus infection is the classic trigger for CCP. * **Morphology:** Look for "tufts" of cilia attached to a small rim of cytoplasm with a pyknotic nucleus. * **Differential Diagnosis:** Must be distinguished from *Lophomonas blattarum* (a multiflagellated protozoan) in respiratory samples. * **Clinical Context:** It is a non-specific marker of epithelial injury but strongly points toward a viral etiology in the respiratory tract.

Question 1

Which tumor is not seen in the anterior mediastinum?

Accepted Answer

Neurofibroma

Answer

Teratoma

Answer

Thymic tumors

Answer

Thyroid tumors

Question 2

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is NOT associated with which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

Often produces ectopic hormones

Answer

Is not associated with cigarette smoking

Answer

Is usually found in the periphery of the lung

Answer

Is more common in women than men

Question 3

Ciliocytophthoria is seen in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Acute respiratory infection

Answer

Kartagener syndrome

Answer

Situs inversus

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 4

Which of the following types of asbestos is LEAST associated with mesothelioma?

Accepted Answer

Amosite

Answer

Chrysolite

Answer

Crocidolite

Answer

Tremolite

Question 5

Pleural calcification is found in all of the following conditions except?

Accepted Answer

Hemothorax

Answer

Asbestosis

Answer

Tuberculous pleural effusion

Answer

Coal workers' pneumoconiosis

Question 6

A 46-year-old man presents with a year of increasing dyspnea and nonproductive cough. Physical examination reveals clubbing of digits and no fever. Pulmonary function tests show a mild restrictive abnormality and reduced DLCO. A transbronchial biopsy reveals numerous alveolar macrophages containing lamellar bodies and iron pigment, along with plump epithelial cells, mild interstitial fibrosis, and loss of respiratory bronchioles. What is the most likely etiology for his pulmonary disease?

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoking

Answer

Type I hypersensitivity

Answer

Ciliary dyskinesia

Answer

Inhalation of mold spores

Question 7

Which of the following histopathological findings is most commonly associated with COVID-19?

Accepted Answer

Diffuse alveolar damage

Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer

Massive pulmonary hemorrhage

Answer

Changes of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Question 8

Hyaline membrane disease is associated with which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Answer

Sudden infant death syndrome

Answer

Bronchiolitis obliterans

Question 9

Which of the following morphological changes in the lungs would be found in a patient of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Viscid mucus plugs in the small airways

Answer

Destruction and dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles

Answer

Free air in the interstitium

Answer

Peribronchiolar fibrosis

Question 10

Miliary tuberculosis is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Post-primary tuberculosis

Answer

Primary tuberculosis

Answer

Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis

Answer

None of the above

Respiratory Pathology — MCQs

Respiratory Pathology — MCQs

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