Congenital and Developmental Disorders — MCQs

Which of the following most likely causes a communicating (nonobstructive) hydrocephalus?

When should folic acid supplementation start in order to be effective in preventing neural tube defects?

Meningomyelocele with progressive hydrocephalus is commonly seen in

Porencephaly refers to -

Identify the condition shown in the MRI image.

A newborn baby presented with a failure to pass meconium in the immediate postnatal period. The pediatrician also notices visible yet ineffective peristalsis, and abdominal distention. A radiological contrast enema demonstrated a narrow conical segment and a dilated proximal bowel. A diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease was made. Which of the following is a cause of the condition in the patient?

A muscle biopsy shows type 1 fiber atrophy and increased internal nuclei on histology. Which additional finding on light microscopy would be most specific for myotonic dystrophy?

In a child presenting unilateral watering and photophobia which of the following is the least likely disorder?

All are congenital myopathies except

A 6-month-old infant shows delayed social smile, poor head control, and hypotonia. TSH is elevated, and T4 is low. What is the most likely diagnosis?