Inflammation and Repair Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following conditions is characterized by caseating granulomas?

Histoplasmosis. Explanation: The hallmark of certain chronic inflammatory conditions is the formation of **granulomas**. These are categorized into **caseating** (central "cheese-like" necrosis) and **non-caseating** (no central necrosis). **1. Why Histoplasmosis is correct:** Histoplasmosis, caused by the fungus *Histoplasma capsulatum*, is a classic cause of **caseating granulomas**. In the lungs and lymph nodes, it mimics Tuberculosis by producing necrotic centers within the granuloma. While TB is the most common cause of caseation, fungal infections like Histoplasmosis and Coccidioidomycosis can also present this way; however, in the context of standard medical examinations, Histoplasmosis is a high-yield fungal representative for caseation. **2. Why the other options are incorrect:** * **Sarcoidosis:** This is the classic prototype for **non-caseating granulomas**. The absence of central necrosis is a key diagnostic feature used to differentiate it from Tuberculosis. * **Coccidioidomycosis:** While it can occasionally show caseation, it more typically presents with pyogenic or non-caseating granulomatous responses containing characteristic **spherules** filled with endospores. * **All of the above:** Incorrect because Sarcoidosis strictly produces non-caseating granulomas. **NEET-PG High-Yield Pearls:** * **Caseating Granuloma:** Think Tuberculosis (most common), Histoplasmosis, and Lepromatous Leprosy (rarely). * **Non-Caseating Granuloma:** Think Sarcoidosis, Crohn’s disease, Berylliosis, and Cat-scratch disease. * **Histology Tip:** Look for "Schaumann bodies" and "Asteroid bodies" in Sarcoidosis (though not pathognomonic). * **Histoplasma Identification:** On silver stain (GMS), look for small, intracellular budding yeasts within macrophages.

Question 1

Which of the following acts as an acute phase reactant?

Accepted Answer

Serum ferritin

Answer

Serum iron

Answer

Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)

Answer

Percentage of saturation

Question 2

A 25-year-old machinist is injured by a metal sliver in his left hand. Over the next few days, the wounded area becomes reddened, tender, swollen, and feels warm to the touch. Redness at the site of injury in this patient is caused primarily by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation

Answer

Hemorrhage

Answer

Hemostasis

Answer

Neutrophil margination

Question 3

Lipoxins synthesized from arachidonic acid act by?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing leucocyte migration, adhesion, and chemotaxis

Answer

Increasing leucocyte migration, adhesion, and chemotaxis

Answer

Vasoconstriction

Answer

Increased vascular permeability

Question 4

Which of the following cellular components is capable of recognizing dead material?

Accepted Answer

Inflammasome

Answer

NET (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps)

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Toll-like receptor

Question 5

Leukotrienes cause all of the following effects, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation

Answer

Vasoconstriction

Answer

Increased vascular permeability

Answer

None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following selectins is expressed in both platelets and endothelium?

Accepted Answer

Selectin P

Answer

Selectin L

Answer

Selectin E

Answer

None of the above

Question 7

What is the difference between primary and secondary wound healing?

Accepted Answer

More granulation tissue and fibrosis are seen in secondary healing.

Answer

Scarring is more cosmetic in secondary healing.

Answer

Secondary healing occurs faster.

Answer

Surgical wounds commonly heal by secondary healing.

Question 8

What is the arrangement of the nuclei in giant cells?

Accepted Answer

Arranged around the periphery

Answer

Present at the center

Answer

Forming a network

Answer

Arranged radially

Question 9

Which of the following conditions is characterized by caseating granulomas?

Accepted Answer

Histoplasmosis

Answer

Sarcoidosis

Answer

Coccidioidomycosis

Answer

All of the above

Question 10

Granuloma is characterized by all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A reaction of acute inflammation

Answer

A specific type of chronic inflammation

Answer

Accumulation of modified macrophages

Answer

Initiated by a number of infectious and non-infectious agents

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

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