Inflammation and Repair Practice Questions

Q: What cytokine is produced by Th1 cells?

IL-2. **Explanation:** The differentiation of CD4+ T-helper cells into specific subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17) is a fundamental concept in immunology and inflammation. **Th1 cells** are primarily involved in cell-mediated immunity and the activation of macrophages [1]. They are induced by IL-12 and IFN-̳. Once activated, Th1 cells characteristically produce **IL-2**, **IFN-̳**, and **TNF-̲** [1], [2]. * **IL-2 (Correct Answer):** Acts as a potent T-cell growth factor, stimulating the proliferation of T-lymphocytes (autocrine and paracrine) and increasing the activity of Natural Killer (NK) cells [2]. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **IL-1 (Option A):** This is a pro-inflammatory cytokine primarily produced by **macrophages** and monocytes, not Th1 cells. It is responsible for inducing fever and activating vascular endothelium. * **IL-4 (Option C):** This is the signature cytokine of **Th2 cells**. It promotes B-cell differentiation into IgE-producing plasma cells and inhibits Th1 differentiation. * **IL-5 (Option D):** Also produced by **Th2 cells**, it is crucial for the activation, recruitment, and persistence of **eosinophils**, often seen in helminthic infections and allergic reactions. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Th1 vs. Th2 Balance:** Th1 cells drive **Type IV hypersensitivity** and granuloma formation (e.g., Tuberculosis) [2]. Th2 cells drive **Type I hypersensitivity** (Atopy/Asthma). * **Key Th1 Cytokine:** **IFN-̳** is the most potent activator of macrophages (classical pathway/M1) [1]. * **Transcription Factors:** Th1 differentiation is governed by **T-bet**, while Th2 is governed by **GATA-3**. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of the Immune System, p. 206. [2] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of the Immune System, pp. 216-218.

Question 1

Poor wound healing may be due to all of the following factors except?

Accepted Answer

Young age

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Excessive tension on sutures

Answer

Diabetes

Question 2

Which of the following selectins is expressed in both platelets and endothelium?

Accepted Answer

Selectin P

Answer

Selectin L

Answer

Selectin E

Answer

None of the above

Question 3

A woman who is allergic to cats visits a neighbor who has several cats. During the visit, she inhales cat dander, and within minutes, she develops nasal congestion with abundant nasal secretions. Which of the following substances is most likely to produce these findings?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Answer

Bradykinin

Answer

Complement C5a

Answer

Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

Question 4

What is the difference between primary and secondary wound healing?

Accepted Answer

More granulation tissue and fibrosis are seen in secondary healing.

Answer

Scarring is more cosmetic in secondary healing.

Answer

Secondary healing occurs faster.

Answer

Surgical wounds commonly heal by secondary healing.

Question 5

A 25-year-old woman sustains a deep, open laceration over her right forearm in a motorcycle accident. During the next 3 months, the wound heals with the formation of a linear scar. Which of the following nutritional factors is required for proper collagen assembly in the scar tissue?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Folic acid

Answer

Thiamine

Answer

Vitamin A

Question 6

Granuloma is characterized by all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A reaction of acute inflammation

Answer

A specific type of chronic inflammation

Answer

Accumulation of modified macrophages

Answer

Initiated by a number of infectious and non-infectious agents

Question 7

What cytokine is produced by Th1 cells?

Accepted Answer

IL-2

Answer

IL-1

Answer

IL-4

Answer

IL-5

Question 8

Which mediator of acute inflammation is NOT derived from a cell?

Accepted Answer

Kinins

Answer

Histamine

Answer

Leukotrienes

Answer

Cytokines

Question 9

Myositis ossificans is an example of which of the following pathological processes?

Accepted Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Both hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Question 10

Which of the following factors impairs wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Clot formation

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Glucocorticoids

Answer

Vitamin C deficiency

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

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