Inflammation and Repair Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is NOT a pro-inflammatory cytokine?

IL-10. ### Explanation The inflammatory response is tightly regulated by a balance between **pro-inflammatory** and **anti-inflammatory** cytokines [1]. **Why IL-10 is the correct answer:** **IL-10** is a potent **anti-inflammatory cytokine**. Its primary role is to terminate the inflammatory response and prevent tissue damage caused by overactive immunity. It achieves this by: * Inhibiting the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (like IL-1, IL-6, and TNF). * Downregulating the expression of MHC Class II and co-stimulatory molecules on macrophages and dendritic cells. * Inhibiting the "oxidative burst" in macrophages. **Why the other options are incorrect:** * **IL-1:** A classic pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages [1]. It induces fever (endogenous pyrogen), activates vascular endothelium, and stimulates the production of acute-phase reactants. * **IL-6:** A major mediator of the acute-phase response [1]. It stimulates the liver to produce C-reactive protein (CRP) and promotes the differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells. * **TNF-Alpha:** The "master regulator" of inflammation [1]. It promotes leukocyte adhesion, activates neutrophils, and in high concentrations, can lead to septic shock and cachexia. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Anti-inflammatory Cytokines:** Remember the mnemonic **"TGF-̢ and IL-10"**—these are the two primary "brakes" of the immune system. * **Pyrogenic Cytokines:** IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-̡ are the primary cytokines responsible for inducing fever [1]. * **IL-8:** Specifically functions as a potent **chemotactic factor** for neutrophils ("Clean up on aisle 8") [1]. * **IL-12:** Essential for the differentiation of T-cells into **Th1 cells**, linking innate and adaptive immunity. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Inflammation and Repair, pp. 93-99.

Question 1

In genetic deficiency of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the increased susceptibility to infection is due to:

Accepted Answer

Inability to produce hydroxyl halide radicals

Answer

Defective production of prostaglandins

Answer

Defective rolling of neutrophils

Answer

Inability to produce hydrogen peroxide

Question 2

What is the most important mediator of chemotaxis among the following?

Accepted Answer

C5a

Answer

C3b

Answer

C567

Answer

C2

Question 3

Which of the following is the principal chemical mediator of fever?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Itching

Answer

Vasoconstriction

Answer

Chemotaxis

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a pro-inflammatory cytokine?

Accepted Answer

IL-10

Answer

IL-1

Answer

IL-6

Answer

TNF Alpha

Question 5

The process of coating a microbe to target it for phagocytosis is:

Accepted Answer

Opsonisation

Answer

Diapedesis

Answer

Margination

Answer

Chemotaxis

Question 6

All of the following are true about bacterial killing by phagocytes EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

The immune deficiency in Bruton's agammaglobulinemia is not related to opsonization.

Answer

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) aids in the formation of hypochlorous acid (OCI).

Answer

Chediak-Higashi syndrome results from a failure of phagolysosome formation.

Answer

NADPH oxidase is essential for the generation of superoxide anions.

Question 7

Stellate-shaped granuloma is characteristically seen in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Cat-scratch disease

Answer

Sarcoidosis

Answer

Crohn's disease

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 8

What is the characteristic of stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Labile

Answer

Stable

Answer

Permanent

Answer

None of the above

Question 9

Which of the following factors does NOT inhibit wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthermia

Answer

Hypoxia

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Infection

Question 10

Which of the following occurs in chronic granulomatous disease?

Accepted Answer

Defective H2O2 production

Answer

Myeloperoxidase deficiency

Answer

Defective polymerization

Answer

Defective phagocytosis

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

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