Inflammation and Repair Practice Questions

Q: Which antibody is least commonly seen in keloids?

IgE. **Explanation:** Keloids are characterized by an exaggerated healing response resulting in excessive collagen deposition (primarily Type I and Type III) that extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound. Immunological studies of keloid tissue have demonstrated the presence of various immunoglobulins, suggesting an immune-mediated component in their pathogenesis. **Why IgE is the correct answer:** Research analyzing the immunological profile of keloids has consistently shown that **IgG and IgM** are the predominant antibodies found within the lesional tissue. These antibodies are often found in association with antinuclear antibodies (ANA) or as part of immune complexes within the extracellular matrix. **IgE**, however, is typically associated with Type I hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions and parasitic infections. It is **least commonly** detected or found in negligible amounts in keloid tissue compared to the other classes. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **IgG:** This is the most abundant antibody found in keloids. It is often localized in the perivascular areas and the collagen fibers, suggesting a chronic inflammatory stimulus. * **IgM:** This is frequently detected alongside IgG in keloid specimens. Its presence indicates an active, ongoing immune response within the fibroproliferative lesion. **NEET-PG High-Yield Pearls:** * **Collagen Type:** Keloids contain thick, wavy "glassy" collagen bundles (mostly **Type I and III**). * **Boundaries:** Unlike hypertrophic scars, keloids **extend beyond** the site of original injury and rarely regress spontaneously. * **Genetics:** Higher incidence in individuals with darker skin pigmentation (African, Asian, and Hispanic populations). * **Common Sites:** Presternal area, deltoid, and earlobes. * **Treatment:** Intralesional corticosteroids (Triamcinolone) are the first-line medical therapy.

Q: Liquefactive necrosis is seen in which of the following organs?

Brain. **Explanation:** Liquefactive necrosis is characterized by the transformation of the tissue into a liquid, viscous mass. This occurs when the rate of enzymatic digestion of cells exceeds the rate of protein denaturation. **Why the Brain is the Correct Answer:** In the **Central Nervous System (CNS)**, hypoxic injury (infarction) uniquely results in liquefactive necrosis rather than coagulative necrosis [1]. This is primarily due to the brain's high lipid content and the relative lack of a supportive connective tissue framework. When brain cells die, they are rapidly digested by lysosomal enzymes released by neurons and microglia, resulting in a fluid-filled cavity [1]. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **A. Heart:** Ischemic injury to the myocardium leads to **Coagulative Necrosis**. The cell proteins denature, preserving the basic structural outline of the tissue for several days (ghost cells). * **C. Lungs:** While the lungs can undergo liquefactive necrosis during a bacterial abscess, the standard pattern for pulmonary infarction is **Coagulative Necrosis**. (Note: Tuberculosis in the lungs causes Caseous Necrosis). * **D. Spleen:** Like most solid visceral organs, ischemia in the spleen leads to **Coagulative Necrosis**, typically resulting in wedge-shaped pale infarcts. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Two main scenarios for Liquefactive Necrosis:** 1. Brain Infarcts; 2. Abscesses (due to pyogenic bacterial or fungal infections). * **Coagulative Necrosis** is the most common pattern of necrosis in all solid organs **except** the brain. * **Wet Gangrene** is a form of liquefactive necrosis superimposed on coagulative necrosis, usually seen in the limbs or bowel. * **Enzymatic Fat Necrosis** is specifically associated with Acute Pancreatitis. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Central Nervous System, pp. 1268-1269.

Question 1

Which one of the following statements best describes the process called chemotaxis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cells toward a certain site or source

Answer

Abnormal fusion of phagosomes to primary lysosomes

Answer

Attachment of chemicals to extracellular material to increase phagocytosis

Answer

Dilation of blood vessels by chemotherapeutic drugs

Question 2

Which antibody is least commonly seen in keloids?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Answer

IgG

Answer

IgM

Answer

None of the above

Question 3

Which of the following types of necrosis is seen in blood vessels due to immune complex-mediated damage?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinoid necrosis

Answer

Coagulative necrosis

Answer

Liquefactive necrosis

Answer

Caseous necrosis

Question 4

What is the primary role of P-selectin in the process of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Rolling of leukocytes along the endothelium

Answer

Stable adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium

Answer

Directing leukocytes to specific lymphoid tissues

Answer

Passage of leukocytes through the endothelial barrier

Question 5

What is scar tissue called?

Accepted Answer

Keloid

Answer

Granulation tissue

Answer

Callus

Answer

All of the above

Question 6

Liquefactive necrosis is seen in which of the following organs?

Accepted Answer

Brain

Answer

Heart

Answer

Lungs

Answer

Spleen

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT considered a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Absence of functional loss

Answer

Pain

Answer

Swelling

Answer

Redness

Question 8

A keloid scar is primarily composed of which type of tissue?

Accepted Answer

Dense collagen

Answer

Loose fibrous tissue

Answer

Granulomatous tissue

Answer

Loose areolar tissue

Question 9

Following surgery, the wound heals in a linear fashion without any complication. This type of healing is called?

Accepted Answer

Primary healing

Answer

Secondary healing

Answer

Delayed primary healing

Answer

Reepithelialization

Question 10

A 10-year-old male child complains of pain and swelling in the left foot after an injury while playing. What mediates the migration of leukocytes to the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Chemokines

Answer

Cytokines

Answer

Histamine

Answer

Prostaglandins

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

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