Inflammation and Repair Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is a C-X-C chemokine?

IL-8. ### Explanation Chemokines are a family of small cytokines classified into four main groups based on the arrangement of the first two conserved **cysteine (C) residues** at the N-terminus. **1. Why IL-8 is the Correct Answer:** **IL-8 (Interleukin-8)**, also known as CXCL8, is the prototypical **C-X-C (alpha) chemokine**. In this group, the first two cysteine residues are separated by a single amino acid (X). IL-8 is primarily produced by macrophages and endothelial cells; its primary function is the **potent chemoattraction and activation of neutrophils** to sites of inflammation. **2. Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **A. Fractalkine (CX3CL1):** This is the only member of the **C-X3-C (delta)** family. It has three amino acids separating the two cysteines. It is unique because it exists in both membrane-bound and soluble forms, acting as both an adhesion molecule and a chemoattractant. * **B. Lymphotactin (XCL1):** This belongs to the **C (gamma)** family. These chemokines lack the first and third of the four characteristic cysteines, possessing only one Cysteine residue. It is primarily chemotactic for T-cells. * **C. Rantes (CCL5):** This belongs to the **C-C (beta)** family, where the first two cysteines are adjacent. Other members include MCP-1 and MIP-1α. These generally attract monocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes, but *not* neutrophils. ### High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG: * **Neutrophil Recruitment:** IL-8 is the "gold standard" marker for neutrophil chemotaxis. * **HIV Connection:** Chemokine receptors act as co-receptors for HIV entry: **CCR5** (for R5 tropic strains) and **CXCR4** (for X4 tropic strains). * **Mnemonic:** **C-C** chemokines (like Rantes) attract **C**ells other than neutrophils; **C-X-C** (like IL-8) attracts neutrophils.

Question 1

Which interleukin is primarily associated with fever and inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin 1

Answer

Interleukin 12

Answer

Interleukin 5

Answer

Interleukin 2

Question 2

Which of the following is a C-X-C chemokine?

Accepted Answer

IL-8

Answer

Fractalkine

Answer

Lymphotactin

Answer

Rantes

Question 3

In the healing of a clean wound, by which day is the maximum immediate strength reached?

Accepted Answer

13 - 18 days

Answer

2 - 3 days

Answer

4 - 7 days

Answer

10 - 12 days

Question 4

Which of the following is not an activator of the alternate complement system?

Accepted Answer

Immune complex

Answer

Factor H

Answer

IgA

Answer

Bacteria

Question 5

Which mechanism of increased vascular permeability in the inflammatory process is characterized by direct endothelial injury to venules, capillaries, and arterioles?

Accepted Answer

Immediate sustained response

Answer

Immediate transient response

Answer

Endothelial cell retraction

Answer

None of the above

Question 6

Epithelioid cells are seen in all of the following conditions except?

Accepted Answer

Granulation tissue

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Syphilis

Answer

Sarcoidosis

Question 7

Delayed prolonged vascular leakage can result from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Burns

Answer

X-rays

Answer

Exposure to the sun

Question 8

Which of the following pattern recognition receptors recognize products of necrotic cells?

Accepted Answer

NOD-like receptors (NLRs)

Answer

Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

Answer

Lectin type receptors

Answer

Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs)

Question 9

Which of the following occurs during scar formation?

Accepted Answer

Type I collagen replaces type III collagen

Answer

Deposition of type I and type III collagen

Answer

Type III collagen replaces type I collagen

Answer

None of the above

Question 10

Which one of the following statements best describes the process called chemotaxis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cells toward a certain site or source

Answer

Abnormal fusion of phagosomes to primary lysosomes

Answer

Attachment of chemicals to extracellular material to increase phagocytosis

Answer

Dilation of blood vessels by chemotherapeutic drugs

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

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