Inflammation and Repair Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is a mediator of fever?

TNF-\u03b1. **Explanation:** Fever (pyrexia) is a systemic manifestation of inflammation mediated by **pyrogens**. When exogenous pyrogens (like bacterial LPS) enter the body, they stimulate immune cells to release endogenous pyrogens, primarily **TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6** [1]. These cytokines travel via the bloodstream to the hypothalamus, where they increase the activity of **cyclooxygenase (COX)**. This leads to the synthesis of **Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)**, which resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory set-point to a higher level [1]. **Analysis of Options:** * **TNF-α (Correct):** Along with IL-1, it is a potent endogenous pyrogen that induces PGE2 synthesis in the hypothalamus [1]. * **IFN-γ (Incorrect):** Produced by Th1 cells and NK cells, its primary role is macrophage activation and promoting Type IV hypersensitivity, not direct induction of fever. * **IL-10 (Incorrect):** This is a potent **anti-inflammatory** cytokine. it inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1, thereby acting to resolve inflammation rather than induce fever. * **IL-2 (Incorrect):** Primarily functions as a T-cell growth factor, promoting the proliferation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes. **NEET-PG High-Yield Pearls:** 1. **Ultimate Mediator:** While TNF-α and IL-1 initiate the process, **PGE2** is the final chemical mediator that acts on the hypothalamus to cause fever [1]. 2. **Aspirin/NSAIDs:** These drugs reduce fever by inhibiting the COX enzyme, thereby blocking the synthesis of PGE2. 3. **Acute Phase Response:** TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 also stimulate the liver to produce acute-phase reactants like **CRP** and **Fibrinogen** (which increases ESR) [1]. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Inflammation and Repair, p. 111.

Question 1

Which of the following nutritional factors is required for proper collagen assembly in scar tissue?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Folic acid

Answer

Thiamine

Answer

Vitamin A

Question 2

Which is the most potent chemotactic complement?

Accepted Answer

C5a

Answer

C5b

Answer

C4a

Answer

C2b

Question 3

A 34-year-old woman has a benign nevus removed from her back under local anesthesia. Which of the following families of cell adhesion molecules is the principal component of the "provisional matrix" that forms during early wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Fibronectins

Answer

Cadherins

Answer

Integrins

Answer

Laminins

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a mediator of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Myeloperoxidase

Answer

TNF

Answer

IFN

Answer

Prostaglandins/Interleukins

Question 5

Which of the interleukins is responsible for endogenous pyrexia?

Accepted Answer

IL-1

Answer

IL-6

Answer

Interferon gamma

Answer

Interferon alpha

Question 6

Cytokines are secreted in sepsis and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Platelets

Answer

Collecting duct

Question 7

Which of the following is a mediator of fever?

Accepted Answer

TNF-\u03b1

Answer

IFN-\u03b3

Answer

IL-10

Answer

IL-2

Question 8

Damage to nervous tissue is repaired by which cells?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Fibroblasts

Answer

Axons

Answer

Microglia

Question 9

Which mediator of inflammation does NOT cause fever?

Accepted Answer

Nitric Oxide

Answer

IL-1

Answer

TNF-a

Answer

Prostaglandin

Question 10

Which of the following is not an acute phase reactant?

Accepted Answer

Tissue factor

Answer

CRP

Answer

Fibrinogen

Answer

Serum amyloid A

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

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