Inflammation and Repair Practice Questions

Q: A histological section of lung tissue shows a predominantly eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible?

Dirofilaria infestation. ***Dirofilaria infestation*** - **Helminthic infections** like Dirofilaria cause a **type 1 hypersensitivity reaction** with prominent **eosinophilic infiltration** in lung tissue. - **Parasitic antigens** trigger **IL-5 and IL-4** release, leading to **eosinophil recruitment and activation** in the pulmonary parenchyma. *Bacterial pneumonia* - Characterized by **neutrophilic infiltration** rather than eosinophilic, as bacteria trigger **acute inflammatory response**. - **Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)** are the predominant cells in **purulent exudate** formation. *Infectious mononucleosis* - Primarily causes **atypical lymphocytic infiltration** with enlarged, activated **T-lymphocytes** (Downey cells). - **Epstein-Barr virus** infection leads to **lymphoid hyperplasia** rather than eosinophilic response. *Tuberculosis* - Characterized by **epithelioid cell granulomas** with **multinucleated giant cells** and **caseous necrosis**. - **Chronic granulomatous inflammation** involves **macrophages and lymphocytes**, not eosinophils.

Question 1

What is chemotaxis?

Accepted Answer

Unidirectional increase in movement

Answer

Random movement increase

Answer

Margination of leucocytes

Answer

Increase of leucocytes

Question 2

All of the following are seen in acute inflammation except:

Accepted Answer

Granuloma formation

Answer

Vasodilatation

Answer

Neutrophil migration

Answer

Increased vascular permeability

Question 3

A 59-year-old man experiences acute chest pain and is rushed to the emergency room. Laboratory studies and ECG demonstrate an acute myocardial infarction; however, coronary artery angiography performed 2 hours later does not show evidence of thrombosis. Intravascular thrombolysis that occurred in this patient was mediated by plasminogen activators that were released by which of the following cells?

Accepted Answer

Endothelial cells

Answer

Cardiac myocytes

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Segmented neutrophils

Question 4

Granulation tissue comprises of:

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Fibroblasts

Answer

Small blood vessels

Answer

Macrophages

Question 5

A histological section of lung tissue shows a predominantly eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Dirofilaria infestation

Answer

Bacterial pneumonia

Answer

Infectious mononucleosis

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 6

VEGF is involved in all of the processes of angiogenesis except:

Accepted Answer

Enhances the production of ECM proteins

Answer

Migration and proliferation of endothelial cells

Answer

Capillary sprouting

Answer

Increased vascular permeability

Question 7

Which of the following mediators are involved in the resolution of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

TNF alpha, IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist

Answer

TNF alpha, IL-1 and CRP

Answer

TNF beta, IL-6 and CRP

Answer

TNF gamma

Question 8

What can cause edema?

Accepted Answer

Sodium retention

Answer

Decreased hydrostatic pressure

Answer

Hyperproteinemia

Answer

Polycythemia

Question 9

Which of the following is a hallmark of chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Tissue destruction

Answer

Mononuclear infiltration

Answer

Wound healing and repair

Answer

All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding hypertrophic scars is true?

Accepted Answer

Usually occurs across flexural areas

Answer

Does not improve with time

Answer

Overgrows its boundaries

Answer

Develops months after surgery

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

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