General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Examine the above pedigree chart. Which one of the following diseases is the most likely for this situation?

Beta-thalassemia. ***Beta-thalassemia*** - Shows classic **autosomal recessive** inheritance pattern with **unaffected carrier parents** producing affected offspring, demonstrating **equal sex distribution** among affected individuals. - Consistent with the pedigree showing **affected children from consanguineous marriages** and **horizontal inheritance** pattern typical of recessive disorders. *Neurofibromatosis* - Follows **autosomal dominant** inheritance pattern where affected individuals would have at least **one affected parent** in each generation. - Would show **vertical transmission** through generations with approximately **50% risk** to offspring of affected individuals, which contradicts the pedigree pattern. *Colour blindness* - Demonstrates **X-linked recessive** inheritance with **male predominance** and affected males having **unaffected parents** but **carrier mothers**. - Would show characteristic pattern of **affected grandfathers** passing the trait through **carrier daughters** to affected grandsons, not the equal sex distribution seen. *Vitamin D resistant rickets* - Exhibits **X-linked dominant** inheritance where **affected males** pass the condition to **all daughters** but **no sons**. - Would demonstrate **no male-to-male transmission** and affected females having **50% risk** regardless of offspring sex, inconsistent with this pedigree.

Question 1

All of the following are features of reversible cell injury, except?

Accepted Answer

Karyorrhexis

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum swelling

Answer

Plasma membrane blebbing

Answer

Detachment of ribosomes

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding pyroptosis is not true?

Accepted Answer

It is a caspase-independent process.

Answer

NOD-Like receptors play a major role in its initiation.

Answer

The cell membrane is damaged.

Answer

Inflammation is present.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT affected in Graft-Versus-Host disease?

Accepted Answer

Lung

Answer

Skin

Answer

Gastrointestinal tract

Answer

Liver

Question 4

All of the following are autosomal dominant disorders, except?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Neurofibromatosis

Answer

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Answer

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Virchow triad?

Accepted Answer

Immunodeficiency

Answer

Endothelial injury

Answer

Stasis

Answer

Hypercoagulable states

Question 6

Psammoma bodies are seen in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Dystrophic calcification

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Metastatic calcification

Question 7

Aneuploidy is seen with all except:

Accepted Answer

DiGeorge syndrome

Answer

Trisomy of chromosome 18 and 13

Answer

Trisomy 21

Answer

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 8

What does 'adeno lymphoma' refer to?

Accepted Answer

Warthin's tumour

Answer

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

Answer

Adenoid cystic lymphoma

Answer

Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 9

Examine the above pedigree chart. Which one of the following diseases is the most likely for this situation?

Accepted Answer

Beta-thalassemia

Answer

Neurofibromatosis

Answer

Colour blindness

Answer

Vitamin D resistant rickets

Question 10

Trisomy 13 is identified as:

Accepted Answer

Patau's syndrome

Answer

Edward's syndrome

Answer

Down's syndrome

Answer

Klinefelter's syndrome

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

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