General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is found in secondary granules of neutrophils?

Lactoferrin. Explanation: Neutrophils contain two main types of granules: **Primary (Azurophilic)** and **Secondary (Specific)** granules. Understanding their contents is high-yield for NEET-PG. **1. Why Lactoferrin is correct:** Secondary (Specific) granules are smaller and more numerous. They contain **Lactoferrin**, an iron-binding protein that inhibits bacterial growth by sequestering iron. Other key components of secondary granules include Vitamin B12 binding protein, Lysozyme, Collagenase, and Alkaline Phosphatase. **2. Why the other options are incorrect:** * **Catalase:** This is an antioxidant enzyme found in **Peroxisomes**, not in neutrophil granules. It protects cells from oxidative damage by breaking down hydrogen peroxide. * **Gangliosidase (and other Acid Hydrolases):** These are characteristic of **Lysosomes**. While neutrophils have lysosomal activity, specific enzymes like gangliosidase are not the defining markers of secondary granules [1]. * **Proteolytic Enzymes:** While both granules contain enzymes, major proteolytic enzymes like **Myeloperoxidase (MPO)**, Elastase, and Cathepsin G are specifically located in **Primary (Azurophilic) granules** [1]. **Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Primary Granules:** Contain Myeloperoxidase (MPO) – the hallmark of the myeloid lineage [1]. * **Secondary Granules:** Contain **Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP)**. The LAP score is decreased in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) but increased in Leukemoid reactions. * **Tertiary Granules:** Contain Gelatinase and Cathepsins, which aid in tissue degradation and migration. * **Chediak-Higashi Syndrome:** A classic exam topic involving a defect in vesicle fusion, leading to giant granules in neutrophils. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Inflammation and Repair, pp. 91-92.

Question 1

Which histopathological type of odontogenic keratocyst is commoner, more invasive, and has a greater tendency for recurrence?

Accepted Answer

Parakeratinised

Answer

Orthokeratinised

Answer

Non-keratinised

Answer

Diskeratinised

Question 2

Which of the following is found in secondary granules of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

Lactoferrin

Answer

Catalase

Answer

Gangliosidase

Answer

Proteolytic enzyme

Question 3

Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities is most likely to cause mental retardation?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Answer

Klinefelter's syndrome

Answer

Fusion of chromosomes 21 and 15

Answer

Turner's syndrome

Question 4

What is the inheritance pattern of Familial hypercholesterolemia?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Answer

Autosomal recessive

Answer

X-linked dominant

Answer

X-linked recessive

Question 5

Lipofuscin, the golden yellow pigment, is typically seen in which cellular change?

Accepted Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Infarction

Question 6

Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by which of the following immunoglobulins?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Answer

IgA

Answer

IgG

Answer

IgM

Question 7

von Willebrand disease is a defect of which process in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Primary hemostasis

Answer

Secondary hemostasis

Answer

Clot stabilization and resorption

Answer

Generalized defects involving small vessels

Question 8

Necrotizing epithelioid cell granulomas are seen in all of the following conditions, except?

Accepted Answer

Leprosy

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Wegener's granulomatosis

Answer

Cat's Scratch disease

Question 9

All of the following are examples of microdeletion syndromes, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

None of the above

Answer

Wilms' tumor-aniridia complex

Answer

Miller Dieker syndrome

Answer

Velocardiofacial syndrome

Question 10

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a disease affecting which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Answer

Bone

Answer

Muscle

Answer

Joints

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

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