General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Askin's tumour is:

Primitive neuroectodermal tumour of chest wall. **Explanation:** **Askin’s tumor** is a specific clinical variant of the **Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors (ESFT)**. It is a highly malignant **Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET)** that specifically arises from the soft tissues of the **chest wall**, often involving the ribs [1]. 1. **Why Option A is correct:** Pathologically, Askin’s tumor is identical to Ewing sarcoma [1]. It is characterized by small, round, blue cells and is associated with the characteristic chromosomal translocation **t(11;22)(q24;q12)**, which results in the *EWS-FLI1* fusion gene. It typically affects children and young adults, presenting as a rapidly enlarging chest wall mass. 2. **Why other options are incorrect:** * **Option B:** Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, not related to the chest wall PNET family. * **Option C:** While Askin's tumor is a primary malignancy of the chest wall, it is not a **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, pp. 483-484.

Q: N-MYC amplification is associated with which tumor?

Neuroblastoma. **Explanation:** **N-MYC amplification** is a classic molecular hallmark of **Neuroblastoma**, the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood [1]. In pathology, gene amplification refers to the presence of multiple copies of a proto-oncogene, which leads to protein overexpression. In Neuroblastoma, N-MYC amplification (located on chromosome 2) is a critical **prognostic marker**; its presence signifies aggressive tumor behavior, rapid progression, and a poor clinical outcome, regardless of the tumor stage [1]. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **Burkitt Lymphoma:** This is associated with the **c-MYC** oncogene, typically due to a **t(8;14)** translocation involving the IgH locus, not N-MYC amplification [2]. * **Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Lung):** This is more commonly associated with **L-MYC** amplification or mutations/amplifications in the EGFR and FGFR1 pathways. * **Astrocytoma:** High-grade gliomas (like Glioblastoma) are frequently associated with **EGFR** amplification and PTEN mutations rather than N-MYC. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **MYC Family:** Remember the mnemonic "**N** is for **N**euroblastoma, **L** is for **L**ung cancer, and **C** is for **C**ommon (Burkitt/General)." * **Cytogenetics:** On a karyotype, N-MYC amplification manifests as **Double Minute chromosomes (dms)** or **Homogeneously Staining Regions (HSRs)**. * **Neuroblastoma Markers:** Look for **HVA/VMA** in urine [1] and **Homer-Wright rosettes** on histology [1]. * **Staging:** N-MYC status is the most important genetic factor used in the risk stratification of these patients [1]. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, pp. 483-487. [2] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Neoplasia, pp. 324-325.

Question 1

Localized idiopathic fibrosis is seen in all of the following conditions except?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophic scar

Answer

Riedel's struma

Answer

Sclerosing cholangitis

Answer

Panniculitis

Question 2

Compound odontoma is characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Numerous tooth-like structures with denticles, commonly found in maxillary lateral incisors

Answer

Mixed tissue of dental origin with no resemblance to tooth structure

Answer

A haphazardly arranged calcified mass

Answer

All of the above

Question 3

What is the primary application of microarray technology?

Accepted Answer

To study multiple genes simultaneously

Answer

To diagnose specific diseases

Answer

To analyze the entire genome of an organism

Answer

To determine an individual's blood group

Question 4

NARP syndrome is best described as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A mitochondrial disorder

Answer

A lipid storage disorder

Answer

A glycogen storage disorder

Answer

A lysosomal storage disorder

Question 5

A one-year-old boy presented with hepatosplenomegaly and delayed milestones. The liver biopsy and bone marrow biopsy revealed the presence of histiocytes with PAS-positive cytoplasm. Electron microscopic examination of these histiocytes is most likely to reveal which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Parallel tubular aggregates in lysosomes

Answer

Birbeck granules in the cytoplasm

Answer

Myelin figures in the cytoplasm

Answer

Electron-dense deposits in the mitochondria

Question 6

Which of the following is not a malignant tumor?

Accepted Answer

Fibromatosis

Answer

Chloroma

Answer

Askin's tumor

Answer

Liposarcoma

Question 7

Askin's tumour is:

Accepted Answer

Primitive neuroectodermal tumour of chest wall

Answer

Merkel cell carcinoma of skin

Answer

Paraneoplastic tumour of chest wall

Answer

Common bile duct tumour

Question 8

N-MYC amplification is associated with which tumor?

Accepted Answer

Neuroblastoma

Answer

Burkitt lymphoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma lung

Answer

Astrocytoma

Question 9

In bone biopsy, decalcification and fixation are done simultaneously by which agent?

Accepted Answer

Formic acid and formalin

Answer

Nitric acid and formalin

Answer

EDTA and formic acid

Answer

Nitric acid and EDTA

Question 10

Prussian blue reaction is used to demonstrate which of the following substances?

Accepted Answer

Hemosiderin

Answer

Lipofuscin

Answer

Bilirubin

Answer

Melanin

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

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