General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Inflammasome is formed in which type of cell death?

Pyroptosis. **Explanation:** **Pyroptosis** is a specialized form of programmed cell death characterized by the activation of the **Inflammasome** [2]. The process begins when cytosolic receptors (like NLRP3) recognize PAMPs or DAMPs, leading to the formation of the inflammasome complex [1]. This complex activates **Caspase-1**, which performs two critical functions: it cleaves pro-IL-1̠ into its active inflammatory form and cleaves **Gasdermin D** [2]. The N-terminal fragments of Gasdermin D form pores in the plasma membrane, causing osmotic swelling, membrane rupture, and the release of inflammatory cytokines. **Analysis of Options:** * **Necrosis (A):** This is accidental, uncontrolled cell death resulting from severe injury. While it triggers inflammation due to membrane rupture, it does not involve the programmed assembly of an inflammasome. * **Apoptosis (B):** This is "silent" programmed cell death. It involves Caspases (3, 6, 7, 8, 9) but specifically avoids triggering an inflammasome or inflammation to prevent damage to surrounding tissues. * **Necroptosis (C):** A form of programmed necrosis that is **Caspase-independent** [2]. It relies on the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL pathway. While it mimics necrosis morphologically, it does not utilize the inflammasome machinery. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Key Enzyme:** Caspase-1 (Canonical) or Caspase-4/5/11 (Non-canonical) [2]. * **Key Protein:** Gasdermin D (the "pore-former"). * **Distinction:** Unlike apoptosis, pyroptosis is highly **pro-inflammatory**. * **Clinical Link:** Inflammasome overactivation is linked to gout (monosodium urate crystals) and Type 2 Diabetes [1]. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of the Immune System, p. 196. [2] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Cellular Responses to Stress and Toxic Insults: Adaptation, Injury, and Death, p. 71.

Question 1

Inflammasome is formed in which type of cell death?

Accepted Answer

Pyroptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Necroptosis

Question 2

In which of the following pathological processes are caspases involved?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Fatty change

Answer

Hydropic degeneration

Answer

Collagen hyalinosis

Question 3

The ability of stem cells to differentiate into a cell of another lineage, expressing molecular characteristics and performing the function of the new cell type, is referred to as what?

Accepted Answer

Transdifferentiation

Answer

Dedifferentiation

Answer

Redifferentiation

Answer

Subdifferentiation

Question 4

Zenker's degeneration of the abdominal musculature is seen in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Typhoid

Answer

Cholera

Answer

Myotonia congenita

Answer

Amyloidosis

Question 5

Increased amounts of calcium in the cytosol of an injured cell reflect a release of calcium from which intracellular organelle?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Peroxisomes

Answer

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic light microscopic feature of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Condensation of the nucleus

Answer

Intact cell membrane

Answer

Eosinophilic cytoplasm

Answer

Nuclear moulding

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true for Cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Ultimately lead to bronchogenic carcinoma

Answer

Abnormal sweat gland function

Answer

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Answer

Intestinal dysfunction

Question 8

Apoptosis activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) is known to perform which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Activates caspase 9

Answer

Activates caspase 8

Answer

Activates Bcl-1 and Mcl-1

Answer

Binds with mitochondrial cytochrome C

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for thrombosis and embolism?

Accepted Answer

Huntington disease

Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Answer

Prolonged immobilization

Answer

Prosthetic cardiac valve

Question 10

Ladder pattern of DNA electrophoresis is seen in which of the following cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Cytolysis

Answer

Karyorrhexis

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

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