General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: The gene for Wilms' tumor is located on which chromosome?

Chromosome 11. **Explanation:** The correct answer is **Chromosome 11**. Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) is the most common primary renal tumor of childhood. Its pathogenesis is strongly linked to mutations in tumor suppressor genes located on chromosome 11 [1]. Specifically, the **WT1 gene** is located at **11p13**, and the **WT2 gene** is located at **11p15.5** [1]. These genes are crucial for normal renal and gonadal development; their loss or mutation leads to the development of nephrogenic rests, which are precursors to Wilms' tumor. **Analysis of Options:** * **Chromosome 1:** While abnormalities in 1q are often associated with a poorer prognosis in Wilms' tumor, the primary causative genes (WT1/WT2) are not located here. * **Chromosome 10:** Mutations on chromosome 10 are classically associated with the **PTEN gene** (Cowden syndrome) and the **RET proto-oncogene** (MEN 2A/2B and Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma). * **Chromosome 12:** This chromosome is associated with several soft tissue tumors (e.g., liposarcoma via MDM2 amplification) but is not the primary locus for Wilms' tumor. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **WAGR Syndrome:** (Wilms' tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary anomalies, and mental Retardation) is associated with a microdeletion at **11p13** (WT1) [1]. * **Denys-Drash Syndrome:** Associated with **WT1** mutations; characterized by gonadal dysgenesis and early-onset nephropathy [1]. * **Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS):** Associated with the **WT2** locus (**11p15.5**); characterized by macroglossia, organomegaly, and hemihypertrophy. * **Histology:** Look for the **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, pp. 487-488.

Question 1

Which of the following conditions demonstrates autosomal dominant inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Marfan syndrome

Answer

Sickle cell anaemia

Answer

Thalassemia

Answer

Hereditary spherocytosis

Question 2

The gene for Wilms' tumor is located on which chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome 11

Answer

Chromosome 1

Answer

Chromosome 10

Answer

Chromosome 12

Question 3

Which of the following conditions has a higher risk of malignancy?

Accepted Answer

Erythroplakia

Answer

Leukoplakia

Answer

Dysplasia

Answer

Hyperplasia

Question 4

Metastatic calcification does not occur in which of the following locations?

Accepted Answer

Fundal glands of intestine

Answer

Renal tubules

Answer

Lungs alveoli

Answer

Blood vessels

Question 5

Microarray is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A study of multiple genes

Answer

A study of disease

Answer

A study of organisms

Answer

A study of blood groups

Question 6

An example of a tumor suppressor gene is

Accepted Answer

Rb

Answer

myc

Answer

fos

Answer

ras

Question 7

Macrophages are converted to epithelioid cells by which cytokine?

Accepted Answer

IFN-y

Answer

IL-2

Answer

TNF-a

Answer

TGF-b

Question 8

Genomic imprinting results in which of the following syndromes?

Accepted Answer

Angelman syndrome

Answer

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Answer

Turner Syndrome

Answer

Haw River syndrome

Question 9

What is the term for a primary structural defect of an organ?

Accepted Answer

Malformation

Answer

Disruption

Answer

Deformation

Answer

Association

Question 10

Regeneration is the replacement of lost tissue by:

Accepted Answer

Living tissue of a similar kind

Answer

Surface epithelium

Answer

Granulation tissue

Answer

Living tissue of any kind

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

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