General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Angulated body cells are found in which of the following conditions?

Granular cell myoblastoma. ### Explanation **Correct Option: A. Granular cell myoblastoma (Granular Cell Tumor)** Granular cell myoblastoma (now commonly called Granular Cell Tumor) is a benign neoplasm of Schwann cell origin. Histologically, it is characterized by large, polygonal, or **angulated cells** with abundant, eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm. These granules represent an accumulation of lysosomes (PAS-positive and diastase-resistant). A high-yield diagnostic feature is the presence of **Pustulo-ovoid bodies of Milian**, which are large, round, acidophilic inclusions surrounded by a clear halo. **Incorrect Options:** * **B. Hodgkin’s Disease:** Characterized by the hallmark **Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells**, which are large, multinucleated cells with "owl-eye" nucleoli [1]. It does not feature angulated body cells. * **C. Pemphigus Vulgaris:** Characterized by **Tzanck cells** (acantholytic cells), which are rounded, detached keratinocytes found within intraepidermal vesicles. * **D. Hurler’s Syndrome:** A lysosomal storage disease (Mucopolysaccharidosis I) where cells (especially hepatocytes and fibroblasts) contain "clear vacuoles" or **Gargoyle cells**, but not angulated bodies. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia (PEH):** Granular cell tumors of the tongue often show PEH in the overlying epithelium, which can be mistaken for Squamous Cell Carcinoma. * **S-100 Positivity:** Since they arise from Schwann cells, these tumors are strongly S-100 positive. * **Most Common Site:** The **tongue** is the most frequent site of involvement. * **Pustulo-ovoid bodies:** These are pathognomonic and represent phagolysosomes. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of White Blood Cells, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, and Thymus, p. 616.

Q: A 28-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia marries a 31-year-old man with no abnormality. What are the respective probabilities of having (i) sickle cell disease and (ii) sickle cell trait in their offspring?

0% and 100%. ### Explanation **1. Understanding the Genetics (The Correct Answer)** Sickle cell anemia is an **autosomal recessive** disorder [1]. To determine the offspring's risk, we must identify the parental genotypes: * **Mother:** Has sickle cell disease (SCD), meaning her genotype is **SS** [1]. * **Father:** Has no abnormality (Normal), meaning his genotype is **AA**. Using a Punnett square for an **SS × AA** cross: * All possible offspring will receive an 'S' allele from the mother and an 'A' allele from the father. * **Genotype of all offspring:** **AS** (Sickle Cell Trait). * **Probability of Disease (SS):** 0% * **Probability of Trait (AS):** 100% **2. Why Other Options are Incorrect** * **Option B (25% and 50%):** This occurs in a cross between two carriers (**AS × AS**). In that case, there is a 25% chance of SS, 50% chance of AS, and 25% chance of AA. * **Option C (50% and 25%):** This does not follow standard Mendelian inheritance patterns for a single-gene recessive trait. * **Option D (25% and 25%):** This distribution is incorrect for any combination of these specific parental genotypes. **3. NEET-PG High-Yield Clinical Pearls** * **Molecular Basis:** A point mutation (missense) in the β-globin gene on **Chromosome 11**, where **Glutamic acid** is replaced by **Valine** at the 6th position [1]. * **Sickle Cell Trait (AS):** Usually asymptomatic but provides a selective advantage against *Plasmodium falciparum* malaria [1]. * **Screening:** Solubility tests (e.g., Sodium dithionite) are used for screening, while **Hb Electrophoresis** or HPLC is the gold standard for diagnosis. * **Metabisulfite Test:** Induces sickling in both trait (AS) and disease (SS) by reducing oxygen tension [1]. **References:** [1] Cross SS. Underwood's Pathology: A Clinical Approach. 6th ed. Common Clinical Problems From Blood And Bone Marrow Disease, pp. 598-599.

Question 1

Which of the following statements about p53 is TRUE, except?

Accepted Answer

Its activity in cells decreases following UV radiation and stimulates the cell cycle.

Answer

It regulates certain genes involved in the cell cycle.

Answer

Its increased levels can induce apoptosis.

Answer

Mutations in p53 are the most common genetic alterations seen in human cancer.

Question 2

Which of the following is the best stain for fungus?

Accepted Answer

Methenamine silver

Answer

Mucicarmine

Answer

Alcian blue

Answer

Hematoxylin and eosin

Question 3

Which of the following is transmitted as an autosomal dominant disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hereditary spherocytosis

Answer

Albinism

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Glycogen storage disease

Question 4

Non-caseating granulomas are seen in all of the following conditions except?

Accepted Answer

Metastatic carcinoma of the lung

Answer

Byssinosis

Answer

Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding amyloid is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular accumulation of fibrillar protein

Answer

Red-green birefringence is seen when amyloid material is viewed under polarized light

Answer

A useful diagnostic method is abdominal fat pad biopsy

Answer

All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following are granulomatous diseases?

Accepted Answer

Histoplasmosis

Answer

Lichen planus

Answer

Sarcoidosis

Answer

Lupus erythromatosis

Question 7

Which of the following conditions is NOT X-linked?

Accepted Answer

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

Answer

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy

Answer

Becker muscular dystrophy

Question 8

Which of the following is a form of caspase-dependent programmed cell death?

Accepted Answer

Pyroptosis

Answer

Necroptosis

Answer

Autophagy

Answer

None of the above

Question 9

Angulated body cells are found in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Granular cell myoblastoma

Answer

Hodgkin's disease

Answer

Pemphigus vulgaris

Answer

Hurler’s syndrome

Question 10

A 28-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia marries a 31-year-old man with no abnormality. What are the respective probabilities of having (i) sickle cell disease and (ii) sickle cell trait in their offspring?

Accepted Answer

0% and 100%

Answer

25% and 50%

Answer

50% and 25%

Answer

25% and 25%

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

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