General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Russell bodies are typically seen in which type of cell?

Plasma cells. **Explanation:** **Russell bodies** are eosinophilic, large, homogeneous immunoglobulin inclusions. They represent the accumulation of newly synthesized immunoglobulins within the cisternae of the **Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)** of a **Plasma cell**. This occurs when the rate of protein synthesis exceeds the cell's capacity to secrete them, leading to "constipation" of the RER. * **Why Plasma Cells (Correct):** Plasma cells are the effector B-lymphocytes specialized for massive antibody production [1]. When these cells become chronically activated or undergo neoplastic transformation (like in Multiple Myeloma), they develop these characteristic globular cytoplasmic inclusions. A plasma cell containing numerous Russell bodies is often referred to as a **Mott cell** (or grape cell). **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **Lymphocytes:** While plasma cells are derived from B-lymphocytes, mature lymphocytes themselves do not have the extensive RER machinery required to produce the volume of protein necessary to form Russell bodies [1]. * **Neutrophils:** These cells contain primary (azurophilic) and secondary (specific) granules, but they do not produce immunoglobulins. * **Macrophages:** These are phagocytic cells. While they may contain ingested debris or "tingible bodies" (in germinal centers), they do not synthesize the immunoglobulins that constitute Russell bodies. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Dutcher Bodies:** Similar immunoglobulin inclusions, but located within the **nucleus** (seen in Waldenström macroglobulinemia). * **Mott Cell:** A plasma cell filled with multiple Russell bodies. * **Councilman Bodies:** Eosinophilic globules seen in the liver, representing apoptotic hepatocytes (classic for Yellow Fever and Viral Hepatitis). * **Negri Bodies:** Intracytoplasmic inclusions in pyramidal cells of the hippocampus/Purkinje cells (pathognomonic for Rabies).

Question 1

Hypoxia is a common cause of cell injury. Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Ischemia

Answer

Respiratory failure

Answer

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 2

Granularity of oncocyte cytoplasm is due to which cellular organelle?

Accepted Answer

Overabundance of mitochondria

Answer

Overabundance of Golgi bodies

Answer

Deficiency of mitochondria

Answer

Deficiency of Golgi bodies

Question 3

Which of the following pigments are involved in free radical injury?

Accepted Answer

Lipofuscin

Answer

Melanin

Answer

Bilirubin

Answer

Hematin

Question 4

Russell bodies are typically seen in which type of cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Macrophages

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true about apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation is present

Answer

Chromosomal breakage

Answer

Clumping of chromatin

Answer

Cell shrinkage

Question 6

What is the mechanism of transmission for Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Answer

Autosomal dominant

Answer

X-linked recessive

Answer

X-linked dominant

Question 7

A 40-year-old lady presented with sudden onset of breathing difficulty. Clinical examination was essentially normal except for tachycardia and tachypnea. She gives a history of two episodes of lower limb pain and swelling, the first episode was 15 years back during her first pregnancy and the second episode 3 months back. What would be the hematological abnormality responsible for her condition?

Accepted Answer

Resistance to activated protein C

Answer

Protein C excess

Answer

Antithrombin mutation causing accelerated effect

Answer

Polycythemia vera

Question 8

In Lysosomal storage disorders, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes are deficient in the enzyme hydrolase.

Answer

There is a defect in the fusion of lysosomes and phagosomes.

Answer

There is a defect in the lysosomal membrane.

Answer

There is increased degradation of heteroglycans.

Question 9

Maximum damage to DNA is caused by which type of radiation?

Accepted Answer

alpha rays

Answer

beta rays

Answer

gamma rays

Answer

X-rays and UV rays

Question 10

A phenotypically normal woman with difficulties in conceiving was found to have three Barr bodies on karyotype analysis, with no translocations or large deletions. Her karyotype would be best represented by which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

48 XXXX

Answer

48 XXXXY

Answer

46 XX

Answer

48 XXXY

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

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