General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: MIC-2 is a marker of which of the following?

Ewing sarcoma. **Explanation:** **MIC-2 (CD99)** is a cell surface glycoprotein encoded by the *MIC2* gene. It is the most sensitive immunohistochemical marker for the **Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET)** family of tumors. In Ewing sarcoma, CD99 typically shows a characteristic strong, diffuse, and continuous membranous staining pattern. This is a high-yield diagnostic feature used to differentiate Ewing sarcoma from other "small round blue cell tumors" of childhood. **Analysis of Options:** * **Ewing Sarcoma (Correct):** Over 95% of Ewing sarcoma cases express MIC-2. It is essential for diagnosis, especially when combined with the characteristic translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12). * **Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL):** CLL is characterized by markers like CD5, CD19, CD20, and CD23 [1]. It is typically negative for MIC-2. * **Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL):** MCL is defined by the t(11;14) translocation and overexpression of Cyclin D1 [1]. While some lymphoblastic lymphomas can express CD99, MCL does not. **Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** 1. **Specificity Note:** While highly sensitive for Ewing sarcoma, CD99 is **not 100% specific**. It can also be positive in Lymphoblastic Lymphoma, Synovial Sarcoma, and Solitary Fibrous Tumors [2]. 2. **Genetics:** Ewing sarcoma is most commonly associated with the **EWS-FLI1** fusion gene. 3. **Radiology:** Look for the "onion-skin" periosteal reaction on X-ray. 4. **Homer-Wright Rosettes:** These may be seen in the PNET variant of the Ewing family of tumors. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of White Blood Cells, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, and Thymus, pp. 610-612. [2] Cross SS. Underwood's Pathology: A Clinical Approach. 6th ed. Common Clinical Problems From Diseases Of The Urinary And Male Genital Tracts, pp. 560-561.

Q: Which of the following proteins contains a triple helix structure?

Collagen. **Explanation:** **Collagen** is the correct answer because it is characterized by a unique **triple helix** quaternary structure (also known as a tropocollagen molecule). This structure consists of three polypeptide alpha-chains wound around each other. The stability of this helix is maintained by hydrogen bonds and the repetitive amino acid sequence **Gly-X-Y**, where Glycine (the smallest amino acid) fits into the restricted space of the helix core, and X and Y are typically Proline and Hydroxyproline. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **Cystine (A):** This is a sulfur-containing amino acid formed by the oxidation of two cysteine molecules joined by a disulfide bond. It does not form a triple helix. * **Pectin (C):** This is a complex structural polysaccharide (carbohydrate) found in the primary cell walls of terrestrial plants. It is not a protein. * **DNA (D):** While DNA is a helical structure, it is a **double helix** composed of two polynucleotide strands, not a triple-stranded protein. **Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Most Abundant Protein:** Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body (approx. 25-30%). * **Vitamin C Role:** Vitamin C is a vital cofactor for the **hydroxylation** of proline and lysine residues; deficiency leads to **Scurvy** due to defective triple helix stabilization. * **Types to Remember:** * Type I: Bone, Skin, Tendon (90% of body collagen). * Type II: Cartilage. * Type III: Reticulin (Blood vessels, granulation tissue) [1]. * Type IV: Basement membrane ("4 is on the floor"). * **Genetic Disorders:** Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Type I defect) and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (Type III or V defects) are high-yield associations [1]. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Genetic Disorders, pp. 154-156.

Question 1

The term metaplasia refers to

Accepted Answer

Replacement of one type of adult cell by another type of adult cell

Answer

Irregular, atypical proliferative changes in epithelial or mesenchymal cells

Answer

Loss of cell substance producing shrinkage of the cells

Answer

None of the above

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of Type II hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

Blood transfusion reaction

Answer

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Answer

Allergic rhinitis

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Question 3

Translocation between two acrocentric chromosomes occurs with breakpoints near the centromeres, resulting in very large and very small chromosomes. The smaller fragment is typically lost. What is this type of cytogenetic abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Robertsonian translocation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Balanced translocation

Answer

Inversion

Question 4

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is the Arthus reaction?

Accepted Answer

Localized immune complex

Answer

Antigen-antibody reaction

Answer

Complement mediated

Answer

Antibody mediated

Question 5

MIC-2 is a marker of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Ewing sarcoma

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Answer

Mantle cell lymphoma

Answer

All of these

Question 6

Which of the following proteins contains a triple helix structure?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Answer

Cystine

Answer

Pectin

Answer

DNA

Question 7

Increased blood volume in a tissue is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hyperemia

Answer

Edema

Answer

Congestion

Answer

Purpura

Question 8

Schaumann bodies are seen in which condition?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoidosis

Answer

Chronic bronchitis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Syphilis

Question 9

Reversible loss of polarity with abnormality in size and shape of cells is known as?

Accepted Answer

Dysplasia

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Anaplasia

Question 10

Foaming liver is seen in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Gas gangrene

Answer

Organophosphorus Poisoning

Answer

Actinomycosis

Answer

Anthrax

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

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