General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is the receptor for LDL?

B100. **Explanation:** The correct answer is **A. B100**. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is the primary carrier of cholesterol in the blood. To enter cells, LDL must bind to specific **LDL receptors (LDLR)** located on the surface of hepatocytes and peripheral tissues [1]. The ligand on the LDL particle that facilitates this binding is **Apolipoprotein B-100** [1]. Once B100 binds to the receptor, the entire complex is internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis [1]. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **B. B48:** This apoprotein is unique to **chylomicrons**. It is a truncated version of B100 produced in the intestine. It lacks the LDL receptor-binding domain, which is why chylomicrons are not cleared by the LDL receptor. * **C. ApoA1:** This is the major structural protein of **HDL** (High-Density Lipoprotein). It acts as an activator of the enzyme LCAT (Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase), essential for reverse cholesterol transport. * **D. ApoAII:** Also found primarily in **HDL**, its exact physiological role is less defined but it is involved in triglyceride metabolism and HDL stability. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa):** Caused by mutations in the **LDL receptor** or the **Apo B-100** ligand, leading to severely elevated LDL levels and premature atherosclerosis [1]. * **Apo E:** Known as the "Remnant Receptor" ligand; it is required for the uptake of Chylomicron remnants and VLDL remnants (IDL) by the liver. * **Apo C-II:** Acts as a cofactor for **Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL)**; deficiency leads to Type I Hyperlipoproteinemia (Hyperchylomicronemia). * **Friedewald Formula:** LDL = Total Cholesterol – HDL – (Triglycerides/5). (Note: Not valid if TG >400 mg/dL). **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Genetic Disorders, pp. 156-159.

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a cellular adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Metaplasia

Question 2

Defective DNA repair is seen in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Ataxia telangiectasia

Answer

Tuberous sclerosis

Answer

Von Hippel Lindau disease

Answer

Neurofibromatosis 1

Question 3

Defect in amyloid protein folding occurs in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer disease

Answer

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Answer

Scrapie disease

Answer

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

Question 4

What does cytopathology deal with?

Accepted Answer

Cellular changes for diagnosis of disease

Answer

Tissue changes for diagnosis of disease

Answer

Both cellular and tissue changes for diagnosis of disease

Answer

None of the above

Question 5

What is the most reliable investigation in amyloid disease?

Accepted Answer

Rectal biopsy

Answer

Immunoglobulin assay

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Urine examination

Question 6

The light brown perinuclear pigment seen on H&E staining of the cardiac muscle fibers in the grossly normal appearing heart of an 83-year-old man at autopsy is due to deposition of:

Accepted Answer

Lipochrome

Answer

Hemosiderin

Answer

Cholesterol metabolite

Answer

Anthracotic pigment

Question 7

Which mode of Mendelian inheritance is most common among genetic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Answer

Autosomal recessive

Answer

X-linked recessive

Answer

X-linked dominant

Question 8

Coagulative necrosis is characteristic of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hypoxic cell death

Answer

Focal bacterial infections

Answer

Loss of tissue architecture

Answer

None of the above

Question 9

All the following are examples of atrophy EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

Endometrium following long-term administration of estrogen

Answer

Skeletal muscle, following transection of its motor neuron

Answer

Skeletal muscles, following long-term immobilization of the broken extremity in a cast

Answer

Ovary following hypophysectomy

Question 10

Which of the following is the receptor for LDL?

Accepted Answer

B100

Answer

B48

Answer

ApoA1

Answer

ApoAII

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

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