General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following can be stained using the technique shown?

Collagen. ***Collagen*** - **Masson's Trichrome staining** specifically highlights **collagen fibers** in blue or green color, making it the primary target structure. - This technique is widely used to assess **fibrosis** and **connective tissue** distribution in pathological specimens. *Bone* - Bone tissue requires **decalcification** before routine staining and is better visualized with **von Kossa** or **alizarin red** stains. - **Masson's Trichrome** does not effectively demonstrate **mineralized bone matrix** or **osteoid**. *Skin tissue* - While skin contains collagen that can be stained, **skin tissue** as a whole is not the specific target of this technique. - **Masson's Trichrome** stains the **collagen component** within skin, not the entire skin structure itself. *Cartilage* - Cartilage matrix is primarily composed of **proteoglycans** and **chondroitin sulfate**, not collagen fibers. - **Alcian blue** or **safranin O** are preferred stains for demonstrating **cartilage matrix** and **glycosaminoglycans**.

Q: Which of the following disorders is most commonly associated with Down's syndrome?

Early onset Alzheimer's disease. **Explanation:** **Correct Option: D. Early onset Alzheimer's disease** The association between Down’s syndrome (Trisomy 21) and early-onset Alzheimer’s disease is rooted in genetics. The gene encoding the **Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP)** is located on **chromosome 21**. Individuals with Down’s syndrome have three copies of this gene, leading to an overproduction of APP and subsequent accumulation of **amyloid-beta plaques** in the brain. By age 40, nearly all patients with Down’s syndrome exhibit neuropathological changes characteristic of Alzheimer’s, often manifesting clinically in their 40s or 50s. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **A. Hirschsprung disease:** While there is an increased risk of Hirschsprung disease in Down’s syndrome (approximately 2–3% of cases), it is less universally associated than the neuropathological changes of Alzheimer’s. * **B. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML):** Down’s syndrome is strongly associated with **Acute Leukemia**, specifically **AML (M7 subtype/Megakaryoblastic)** in children under 3 and **ALL** in children over 3. It is not typically associated with CML. * **C. Late onset Alzheimer's disease:** Late-onset (sporadic) Alzheimer’s usually occurs after age 65 and is associated with the **APOE-ε4 allele**, whereas the Down’s association is specifically "early-onset" due to the gene dosage effect of APP. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Most common cardiac defect:** Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial cushion defect). * **Gastrointestinal:** Duodenal atresia ("Double bubble" sign). * **Hematology:** Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder (TMD) is unique to neonates with Down's. * **Biochemical Screening (Quadruple Test):** Low AFP, Low Unconjugated Estriol (uE3), **High hCG, and High Inhibin-A** (Mnemonic: **HI**gh = **H**CG & **I**nhibin).

Question 1

DNA integrity and replication are ensured at which stage of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

End of G2

Answer

End of M

Answer

End of G1

Answer

End of S

Question 2

Which of the following is a characteristic of classical Mendelian inheritance of an autosomal dominant disease?

Accepted Answer

Variable expressivity

Answer

Complete penetrance

Answer

Affected individuals have unaffected parents

Answer

Very early onset in life

Question 3

Which of the following can be stained using the technique shown?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Answer

Bone

Answer

Skin tissue

Answer

Cartilage

Question 4

Which of the following is true about metastatic calcification?

Accepted Answer

Calcification starts in mitochondria

Answer

Serum calcium level is normal

Answer

Occurs in dead or dying tissue

Answer

Occurs in damaged heart valves

Question 5

Crumpled tissue paper appearance of cytoplasm in bone marrow examination is due to the intracellular accumulation of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Glucocerebroside

Answer

Cerebroside

Answer

Ganglioside

Answer

Sphingomyelin

Question 6

Which of the following disorders is most commonly associated with Down's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Early onset Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Hirschsprung disease

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Answer

Late onset Alzheimer's disease

Question 7

The type of embolism typically seen following fractures of long bones is:

Accepted Answer

Fat embolism

Answer

Thromboembolism

Answer

Air embolism

Answer

Amniotic fluid embolism

Question 8

A 40-year-old pregnant female in her third trimester presents with bilateral leg swelling. Which of the following statements about the type of thrombosis most likely to be present in this patient is true?

Accepted Answer

Thrombosis grows in an antegrade manner.

Answer

Pale platelet layer alternating with a dark red cell layer is present.

Answer

Incomplete lumen occlusion is present.

Answer

It causes ischemia and infarction of organs.

Question 9

An increase in the size of a cell in response to stress is called hypertrophy. Which of the following does not represent an example of smooth muscle hypertrophy as an adaptive response to a relevant situation?

Accepted Answer

Triceps in body-builders

Answer

Urinary bladder in urine outflow obstruction

Answer

Gallbladder in chronic cholecystitis

Answer

Uterus enlargement during pregnancy

Question 10

All of the following are features of stem cells except?

Accepted Answer

Used in gene therapy

Answer

Found in yolk sac

Answer

Found in peripheral circulation

Answer

Some stem cells are unipotent

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

On this page

Practice by Chapter

Want unlimited practice?